Nutritional Deficiencies and Haematological Profiles in Adult People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sourav Kumar; Anil Gurtoo; Anju Seth; Preeti Chauhan

Sourav Kumar Post Graduate Student
Anil Gurtoo Professor
Anju Seth Director Professor of Pediatrics & Program Director, Pediatric Center of Excellence in HIV Lady Hardinge Medical College & Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, New Delhi, India
Preeti Chauhan Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India

Keywords: HIV, Nutritional Deficiency,Haematological Profile, Body Mass Index, Biochemical Parameters

Abstract

Background: Nutrition and HIV are intricately linked, with malnutrition worsening immune impairment and accelerating HIV progression. Conversely, HIV-related immune dysfunction can exacerbate nutritional deficiencies. This interplay is particularly concerning in PLHIV, where optimal nutrition is crucial for immune responses and overall health. This study assessed haematological and biochemical profiles and the
prevalence of deficiencies in PLHIV attending an ART centre in Delhi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022, including 30 adult PLHIV consenting patients. Data on
demographics, BMI, and haematological/biochemical parameters were collected and analyzed using SPSS, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: High rates of nutritional deficiencies were found: anaemia
(66.66%), vitamin B12 deficiency (56.66%), low serum iron (63.33%), low ferritin (70%), insufficient vitamin D3 (80%), and low albumin (40%), significantly exceeding general population prevalence. Malnutrition was
prevalent, with 60% underweight and only 26.7% having a normal BMI. Low BMI was associated with albumin deficiency (p=0.033). Age correlated with lower haemoglobin and total protein. Trends suggested higher ferritin
deficiency in females (p=0.073) and lower phosphorus in males (p=0.061). Conclusion: Nutritional deficiencies are common in PLHIV and negatively impact their haematological and biochemical parameters.
Addressing these deficiencies is crucial for improving health outcomes. This research highlights the critical need for ongoing studies to explore effective nutritional interventions and their impact on the health of individuals living with HIV.

Author Biography

Anil Gurtoo, Professor

Professor , lady hardinge medical college

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