Prevalence of Hypertension in Indian Tribal Adult population: A Scoping Review
Keywords:
Hypertension, Prevalence, Tribal population, India.
Abstract
Background: There is an increasing trend in prevalence of hypertension worldwide. Studies have shown that tribal populations in India are also experiencing this transition. Objective: To know the prevalence of hypertension in tribal population of India. Method: A literature search PubMed, Google scholar databases from January 1980-December 2019 using the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) - prevalence, hypertension, tribal, adult population, India, cross-sectional studies was conducted. Out of the total 96 published studies which reported the prevalence of hypertension in Indian tribal population, 21 were included in the review. Data Extraction: All the data were extracted by the investigators using a standardized protocol and data collection form. Result: Total twenty-one studies with sample size varying from 154 to 47,401 were included in the review. The reported prevalence of hypertension in tribal populations varied from 10% to 55.5% in different regions and states of India. The prevalence of hypertension in males was higher than females. Increasing age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes and extra salt intake were common risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in Indian tribal population is as high as other urban and rural populations and needs preventive measures to control the problem.
How to cite this article:
Tripathi N, Kishore J, Babu B. Prevalence of Hypertension in Indian Tribal Adult population: A Scoping Review. J Adv Res Med 2020; 7(1): 5-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202002
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2. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365(9455): 217–223.
3. Ezzati M, Lopez A.D, Rodgers A, Vander HS, Murray CJ. Selected major risk factorsand global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 2002; 360(9343): 1347–1360.
4. Gupta R, Sharma AK, Gupta VP, et al. Increased variance in blood pressure distribution and changing hypertension prevalence in an urban Indian population. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:535–540.10.1038/sj.jhh.1001588.
5. Gupta SP, Siwach SB, Moda VK. Epidemiology of hypertension–based on total community survey in the rural population of Haryana. Indian Heart J. 1977;29:53–62.
6. Gupta R, Sharma AK. Prevalence of hypertension and subtypes in an Indian rural population: clinical and electrocardiographic correlates. J Human Hypertens. 1994;8:823–829.
7. Malhotra P, Kumari S, Kumar R, et al.Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in an un-industrialized rural population of North India. J Human Hypertens. 1999;13:467–472.10.1038/sj.jhh.1000864.
8. Kshatriya GK. Changing Perspectives of Tribal Health in the Context of Increasing Lifestyle Diseases in India. J Environ Soc Sci. 2014;1(1):101.
9. Rizwan SA, Kumar R, Singh AK, Kusuma YS, Yadav K, et al. Prevalence of Hypertension in Indian Tribes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5):e95896.
10. Census of India. Population enumeration data (final population) 2011. New Delhi: Registrar General of India and Census Commissioner; 2011. Available from: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html [Google Scholar]
11. Bisai S, Saha KB, Sharma RK, et al.An overview of tribal population in India. Tribal Health Bull. 2014;20:1–122 Available from: http://www.nirth.res.in/publications/ tribal_health_bulletin/thb_special_issue2014.pdf
12. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.PLoS Medicine2009; 6:e1000097.
13. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine 2009; 6: e1000100.
14. Tiwari RR. Hypertension and epidemiological factors among tribal labour population in Gujarat. Indian Journal of Public Health. 2008 Volume : 52 ( 3) Page : 144-146
15. Manimunda SP, Sugunan AP, Benegal V, Balakrishna N, Rao MV, Pesala KS. Association of hypertension with risk factors and hypertension related behaviour among the aboriginal Nicobarese tribe living in Car Nicobar Island, India. Indian J Med Res. 2011;133:287–93.
16. Meshram, Arlappa N, Balkrishna N, Rao KM, Laxmaiah A, Brahmam GNV. Prevalence of hypertension, its correlates and awareness among adult tribal population of Kerala state, India. J Postgrad Med. 2012;58(4):255–61
17. Hathur B, Basavegowda M, Ashok NC. Hypertension: An emerging threat among tribal population of Mysore; JenuKuruba tribe diabetes and hypertension study. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2013;2:270–4.
18. Meshram II, Laxmaiah A, Mallikharjun RK, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and its correlates among adult tribal population (≥20 years) of Maharashtra State, India. Int J Health Sci Res. 2014;4(1):130–9.
19. Misra PJ, Mini GK, Thankappan KR. Risk factor profile for non-communicable diseases among Mishing tribes in Assam, India: Results from a WHO STEPs survey. Indian J Med Res. 2014;140:370–8.
20. Laxmaiah A, Meshram II, Arlappa N, et al. . Socioeconomic & demographic determinants of hypertension and knowledge, practices & risk behaviour of tribals in India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141:697–708. doi:10.4103/0971-5916.159592.
21. Kumar RK, Tyagi AR, Tiwari R, Rai N. Study of hypertension among tribal adults in a block of Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 May;3(5):1033-1037.
22. Kandpal V, Sachdeva MP, Saraswathy KN. An assessment study of CVD related risk factors in a tribal population of India.BMC Public Health (2016) 16:434.
23. Raina SK, ChanderV,Prasher CL and Raina S. Prevalence of Hypertension in a Tribal Land LockedPopulation at High Altitude. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Scientifica; Volume 2016, Article ID 3589720, 8 pages; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3589720.
24. Negi PC, Chauhan R, Rana V, Vidyasagar , Lal K.Epidemiological Study of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Risk Factors in Tribal District of Kinnaur, HP: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian Heart J.Sep-Oct 2016;68(5):655-662. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
25. Kshatriya GK, Acharya SK.Triple Burden of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Indian Tribes.PLoS One. 2016 Jan 25;11(1):e0147934. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147934. eCollection 2016.
26. Chakma T, Kavishwar A, Sharma R.K and Rao PV High prevalence of hypertension and its selected risk factors among adult tribal population in Central India. Pathogens and Global Health, 2017VOL . 111, NO . 7, 343–350https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2017.1396411
27. Deo MG, Pawar PV, Kanetkar SR, KakadeSV..Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and diabetes in the Katkari tribe of coastal Maharashtra.J Postgrad Med. 2017 Apr-Jun;63(2):106-113. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.194204.
28. Sajeev P, Soman B. Prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors among the Kani tribe in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala.Indian Heart J. 2018 Sep - Oct;70(5):598-603. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.022. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
29. Tushi A, Rao SR, Pattabi K, Kaur P.Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in a rural tribal population of Mokokchung, Nagaland, India..Natl Med J India. 2018 Jan-Feb;31(1):11-14. doi: 10.4103/0970-258X.243405.
30. Deo MG, Pawar PV, Kanetkar SR, Kakade SV.Multicentric study on prevalence and risk factors for hypertension and diabetes in tribal communities in Western and Northern Maharashtra.J Postgrad Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;64(1):23-34. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_245_17.
31. Kshatriya GK, Acharya SK. Prevalence and risks of hypertension among Indian tribes and its status among the lean and underweight individuals.Diabetes MetabSyndr. 2019 Mar - Apr;13(2):1105-1115. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.028. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
32. Madhu B, Prathyusha K, Prakruthi P, Srinath KM. Comparison of prevalence of life style risk factors and 10 year risk of CVD event among rural and tribal population of Kollegal Taluk, Chamrajanagar district, South India.DiabetesMetabSyndr. 2019 Sep - Oct;13(5):2961-2966. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.056. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
33. Sathiyanarayanan S, Muthunarayanan L, Devaparthasarathy TA.Changing Perspectives in Tribal Health: Rising Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases among Tribal Population in India.Indian J Community Med. 2019 Oct-Dec;44(4):342-346. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_40_19.
34. Kshatriya GK, Kumari A, Acharya SK. Comparing the ability of anthropometric indicators in determining the prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes.DiabetesMetabSyndr. 2019 Jan - Feb;13(1):696-706. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.038. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
35. Hay J A British Medical Association Lecture on the significance of a raised blood pressure. BMJ,1931 ; 2: 43–47.
36. Weiss S, Ellis L.The rational treatment of arterial hypertension. JAMA 1930; 95: 846–852.]
37. Banegas JR, RodrÃguez-Artalejo F, Ruilope LM. et al. Hypertension magnitude and management in the elderly population of Spain. J Hypertens.2002;20:2157-2164.Google Scholar
38. Modesti. P.A,Calabrese PA. Marzotti M Bing I.Malandrino H. Boddi D M et.al. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Chinese First-Generation Migrants and Italians in Prato, Italy: The CHIP Study. 2017 |Article ID 6402085 | 8 pages | https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6402085.
39. Komachi Y, Shimamoto T. Regional differences of blood pressure and its nutritional background in several Japanese populations. In: Kesteloot H, Joossens JV, eds. Epidemiology of Arterial Blood Pressure. The Hague: Martinus Nijnoff Publishers; 1980:457–472
40. Mc Garvey ST, Baker PT. The effects of modernization and migration on Samoan blood pressure. Hum Biol. 1979;51:461–479
41. NNMB Tribal Survey.. Technical Report, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, 2008-09; Hyderabad.
42. Kokiwar P, Gupta S. Prevalence of hypertension in a rural community of central India. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011;2(4):950-3
43. Rizwan SA.Hypertension in Indian Tribes. PLOS ONE. www.plosone.org. 2014;9(5):e95896. Accessed on 8th April 2015.
44. Mukhopadhyay B, Mukhopadhyay S, Majumder PP. Blood pressure profile of Lepchas of the Sikkim Himalayas: epidemiological study. Hum Biol. 1996;68:131–145
45. Dahl LK, Lover RA. Evidence for a relationship between sodium intake and human essential hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1954;94:525–531.10.1001/archinte.1954.00250040017003
46. Sasaki N. The relationship of salt intake to hypertension in the Japanese. Geriatrics. 1964;19:735–744.
47. Laxmaiah A, Meshram II, Arlappa N, et al. . Socioeconomic & demographic determinants of hypertension and knowledge, practices & risk behaviour of tribals in India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141:697–708. doi:10.4103/0971-5916.159592.
48. Prior IA, Evans JG, Harvey HP, et al. . Sodium intake and blood pressure in two Polynesian population. N Engl J Med. 1968;279:515–520.10.1056/NEJM196809052791004.
49. Joossens JV, Willems J, Claessens J, et al. . Sodium and hypertension In: Fidanza F, Keys A, Ricci G, Somogyi JC, editors. Nutrition and cardiovascular diseases. Rome: Morgagni Edizioni Scientifiche; 1971. p. 91–110.
50. Hazarika NC, Narain K, Biswas D, Kalita HC, Mahanta J. Hypertension in the native rural population of Assam. Natl Med J India 2004; 17(6): 300–304
51. Hazarika NC, Biswas D, Narain K, Kalita HC, Mahanta J. Hypertension and its risk factors in tea garden workers of Assam. Natl Med J India 2002; 15(2):63–68.]
52. Page LB, Damon A, Moellering RC., Jr Antecedents of cardiovascular disease in six Solomon Islands societies. Circulation. 1974;49:1132–1146
53. Sharma A, Gupta SK, Agarwal SS, Gupta M, Shrivastava S. A study of prehypertension & hypertension and its associated risk factors in a rural area of Madhya Pradesh. Natl J Community Med. 2015;6(2)
54. Gupta R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2004;18:73-8.
55. Kusuma YS, Bontha BV, Naidu JM. Prevalence of hypertension in some cross-cultural populations of Visakhapatnam district, South India. Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 14, Spring 2004;pg 250-259
56. Kusuma YS, Bontha BV, Naidu JM Blood pressure levels among cross-cultural populations of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India .Annals of Human Biology, 2002, Vol. 29, No. 5, 502±512
57. Schall JI. Sex differences in the response of blood pressure to modernization. Am J Hum Biol. 1995;7:159–172.]
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Published
2020-08-25
Section
Review Article
