Bioaerosol Spread of COVID-19 and TB in Air Conditioned Spaces: How the Court Spearheaded the Movement in India
Abstract
The measures taken in buildings to make them resilient against the spread of airborne diseases have seen a rise during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are of importance as bioaerosols spread through recirculation based air conditioning systems. This can be tackled by sanitisation or by dilution ventilation caused by increased fresh air supply. In response to a written petition by a lawyer on the issue of air conditioning in the court premises and the spread of COVID-19, the Delhi High Court held the Fundamental Rights of the citizens by extending it to a right to a healthy environment and acknowledging the concerns in the petition. A committee was also set up by the court to relook at the ventilation and air conditioning within the court. The Right to Information Act, 2005 was used to obtain the minutes of the committee meetings. This short communication discusses the decisions which provide insights into the lack of reliable information available in the initial phases of the meetings. This has been hinted to show the possible lack of regulation for infection control through airborne route in public buildings. Design decisions are also looked at. This paper aims at providing a commentary with the aim of linking research and practice in the area of bioaerosol spread of diseases like COVID-19 and tuberculosis in public spaces.
How to cite this article:
Singh R, Dewan A. Bioaerosol Spread of COVID-19 and TB in Air Conditioned Spaces: How the Court Spearheaded the Movement in India. Special Issue - COVID-19 & Other Communicable Disease.
2022;30-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202205
References
World Health Organization [Internet]. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations; 2020 Mar 29 [cited 2020 Nov 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations [Google Scholar]
indiankanoon.org [Internet]. Court on its own motion (Air pollution in Delhi) vs Union of India & Ors. (In the high court of Delhi at New Delhi 2020); 2020 May 1 [cited 2021 Nov 5]. Available from: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/101270101/ [Google Scholar]
Rizwan S, Nongkynrih B, Gupta SK. Air pollution in Delhi: its magnitude and effects on health. Indian J Community Med. 2013 Jan;38(1):4-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Central Public Works Department. Guidelines for running of air circulation, air cooling and air conditioning equipment’s during COVID-19. CE CSQ(E)/COVID-19/2020/028. New Delhi, India: Central Public Works Department, Government of India; 2020; pp 1-4. http://cpwd.gov.in/WriteReadData/other_cir/45567.pdf (Accessed October 2021
Indian Society of Heating, Refrigertaion and Air Conditioning Engineers [Internet]. ISHRAE COVID-19 guidance document for air conditioning and ventilation; 2020 Apr 13 [cited 2021 Nov 14]. Available from: https://ishrae.in/mailer/ISHRAE_COVID-19_Guidelines.pdf [Google Scholar]
Hobday RA, Dancer SJ. Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives. J Hosp Infect. 2013 Aug;84(4):271-82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Escombe AR, Moore DA, Gilman RH, Navincopa M, Ticona E, Mitchell B, Noakes C, MartÃnez C, Sheen P, Ramirez R, Quino W, Gonzalez A, Friedland JS, Evans CA. Upper-room ultraviolet light and negative air ionization to prevent tuberculosis transmission. PLoS Med. 2009 Mar;6(3):e43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Pai M, Kalantri S, Aggarwal AN, Menzies D, Blumberg HM. Nosocomial tuberculosis in India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Sep;12(9):1311-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Parmar MM, Sachdeva KS, Rade K, Ghedia M, Bansal A, Nagaraja SB, Willis MD, Misquitta DP, Nair SA, Moonan PK, Dewan PK. Airborne infection control in India: baseline assessment of health facilities. Indian J Tuberc. 2015 Oct;62(4):211-7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Li Y, Leung GM, Tang JW, Yang X, Chao CY, Lin JZ, Lu JW, Nielsen PV, Niu J, Qian H, Sleigh AC, Su HJ, Sundell J, Wong TW, Yuen PL. Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment - a multidisciplinary systematic review. Indoor Air. 2007 Feb;17(1):2-18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
The Republic of India. The Right to Information Act, 2005; 2005 Jun 15 [cited 2021 Nov 17]. Available from: https://rti.gov.in/rti-act.pdf (Accessed October 2021)
Singh R. RTI for Research: using the right to information act, 2005 for Research in India. Vol 1. New Delhi,2020: Books Bonanza.ISBN: 978-81-945981-1-4
Bureau of Indian Standards. SP7: 2016 Special Publication; National Building Code; 2016. Volume 2; Part 8: Building Services
Singh R, Dewan A. Using global research on ventilation and airborne infection control for impacting public policy through Indian Judiciary. Indoor and Built Environment. Indoor and Built Environment. 2022 (Accepted for Publication with DOI issued: https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X211061997)
Republic of India. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1981-14.pdf (Accessed October 2021)
Copyright (c) 2022 Author's
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.