The Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs): Indian and Global Perspectives

Abstract

Climate change is significantly altering the transmission dynamics and geographic distribution of vector-borne diseases (VBDs), including malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and others. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events influenced by global warming and phenomena such as El Niño are transforming vector habitats, shortening pathogen incubation periods, and intensifying disease risk. This review synthesizes current evidence on climate-sensitive VBDs, with a dual focus on global patterns and the Indian context. A transition to climate-informed surveillance systems and predictive modeling tools is critical for early outbreak detection. Multisectoral coordination and climate-resilient public health strategies are essential to mitigate the growing burden of VBDs under changing environmental conditions. This review underscores the need for adaptive planning, innovative technologies, and integrated health policies to strengthen preparedness and resilience.