Prevalence of Staphylococcal bloodstream infections and its antibiogram from a tertiary-care hospital in India: A cross-sectional study

Moumita Sardar; Mukesh Sharma; Manisha  Khandait; Pinky  Bhardwaj; Ronika Kurichh; Leimapokpam Sumitra Devi

doi:10.24321/10.24321/0019.5138.202591

Moumita Sardar Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
Mukesh Sharma Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
Manisha Khandait Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
Pinky Bhardwaj Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
Ronika Kurichh Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
Leimapokpam Sumitra Devi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/10.24321/0019.5138.202591

Keywords: Bloodstream infections, Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, MRSA, antibiogram

Abstract

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can cause self-limiting infections that recover within one to two days in healthy individuals to life-threatening sepsis in those with predisposing conditions.

Aim: The present study aimed to assess the frequency and antibiogram of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from blood culture and further detect methicillin resistance and vancomycin resistance among the isolates.

Methods: A total of 120 Staphylococcus species isolated over a period of six months from patients with BSIs were included in the study. In addition to antibiogram, vancomycin resistance was also determined using vancomycin screen agar test and E-test for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Results: Among the Staphylococcal isolates (n= 120), comprising of S. aureus (66.7%, n= 80) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (33.3%, n= 40), a total of 56 (70%) S. aureus and 24 (60%) CoNS isolates were detected as methicillin-resistant. Of the methicillin resistant CoNS, 33.3% (n=6), 50% (n=6) and 40% (n= 4) were methicillin resistant S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis, respectively. All the Staphylococcal isolates were susceptible to linezolid and minocycline. Of the MRSA isolates, two strains were found to be resistant to vancomycin by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Additionally, D-test was done for the MRSA strains (n= 56), of which 20 (35.7%) exhibited inducible clindamycin resistance.

Conclusion: This study highlights the increasing methicillin resistance in staphylococcal blood isolates. Resistance to majority of the antibiotics including vancomycin, the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by MRSA strains, has reached alarming levels and continues to increase.

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