Current Status of Communicable Diseases – International, National and Kerala Scenarios

Abstract

Communicable diseases (CDs) are illnesses caused by certain contagious
agents that spread from infected people, animals or contaminated
environments to exposed individuals. Transmission can occur directly or
indirectly through various methods, including contact, air-borne particles,
contaminated objects, or intermediary organisms. CDs are the most
important cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Infectious
diseases, once the leading public health issue in developed nations,
have become less prevalent. However, the advent of new infectious
diseases poses new threats, while communicable diseases continue to
be a major health issue in developing countries. Kerala has experienced
an alarming rise in morbidity and mortality due to communicable
diseases during the past decade. The state has encountered periodic
outbreaks of various infectious diseases, including Nipah, West Nile,
and Zika viruses. Additionally, the emergence of Primary Amoebic
Meningoencephalitis (PAM) as a public health threat and the endemic
status of dengue and leptospirosis in all fourteen districts emphasise
the rising challenges in disease control. Communicable disease control
requires a multi-faceted approach including vigilant surveillance, rapid
detection, and thorough investigation. Promoting good hygiene practices
through IEC and BCC, as well as providing prompt treatment, care and
support to affected individuals are essential components. This paper
offers a thorough examination of communicable diseases worldwide,
in India, and specifically in Kerala.

How to cite this article:
Rajendran R, Anusree S B, Sasi M S, Devi D S, Regu
K. Current Status of Communicable Diseases –
International, National and Kerala Scenarios. J
Commun Dis. 2025;57(1):167-184.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202522