Analysis of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli: Bacteriological Insights from Clinical Samples

John Maria Louis; Alice Peace Selvabai; Priyadarshini Shanmugam; Indumathy Muthukrishnan; Mohan kumar

John Maria Louis Tutor
Alice Peace Selvabai Professor
Priyadarshini Shanmugam Professor and Head of Microbiology
Indumathy Muthukrishnan Professor and Director, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mohan kumar Research scholar, Microbiology Department, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, India.

Keywords: Antibiotic-Resistant, ESBL Producers, Disc Diffusion Method, Conventional Method

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing concern in healthcare,
driven by new resistance mechanisms, poor infection control, and
antibiotic misuse. Proper antibiotic use is crucial for improving patient
outcomes. However, inadequate practices foster resistance among
bacteria that produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL).

Objective: This study aims to detect and identify ESBL-producing gram-
negative bacteria (GNB), offering insights for better management and

surveillance.
Methodology: In this study, clinical samples from patients admitted

between 2021 and 2024 underwent standard culture procedures. Gram-
negative isolates were tested for ESBL production using recommended

methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from bacterial isolates, followed
by plasmid extraction and gel electrophoresis. Specific primers targeted
bla gene sequences for TEM, OXA, SHV, and CTX-M. PCR reactions were
conducted Under UV light, visualised with ethidium bromide staining,
using agarose gel electrophoresis.
Results: In this analysis, predominant isolates of GNB were from urine
(64%), exudates (26%), and respiratory (10%) samples. Out of 144
ESBL-producing GNB obtained, 40% of the isolates were positive for
the blaTEM gene, 27% for blaCTX-M, and 14% for blaSHV.
Conclusion: ESBL-producing GNB are widespread in the gut, and highly
resistant. Among 2356 isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species
prevailed. ESBLs, mainly in E. coli and Klebsiella, pose therapeutic
challenges, necessitating updated therapy strategies and prudent
cephalosporin use. Routine testing for ESBL detection is crucial in
clinical labs for effective control.

How to cite this article:
Louis J M, Selvabai A P, Shanmugam P,
Muthukrishnan I, Kumar M. Analysis of Extended

Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-
Negative Bacilli: Bacteriological Insights from

Clinical Samples. J Commun Dis. 2024;56(4):110-
116.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202480

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