Implications of Toxoplasma Infection on Women’s Immune Status in Baghdad Province, Iraq

  • Mahmood Jumaa Saud Medical Lab. Techniques Department, Al-Hadi University College Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Mayada Abd Medical Lab. Techniques Department, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq.
  • Ahmed Adnan Medical Lab. Techniques Department, College of Medical Techology, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq.
  • Thabit Moath Omar 4Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq.
  • Khulood Majid Alsaraf Medical Lab. Techniques Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Mariam Alaa Toama College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.
Keywords: Toxoplasma, Women, Baghdad, Immunity

References

Evering T, Weiss LM. The immunology of parasite infections in immunocompromised hosts. Parasite Immunol. 2006;28(11):549-65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Hegab SM, Al-Mutawa SA. Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis. Clin Exp Med. 2003;3(2):84-105. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Lappalainen M, Hedman K. Serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The impact of measurement of IgG avidity. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2004;40(1):81-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Suzuki LA, Rocha RJ, Rossi CL. Evaluation of serological markers for the immunodiagnosis of acute acquired

toxoplasmosis. J Med Microbiol. 2001;50(1):62-70. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Biesiada G, Kalinowska-Nowak A, Czepiel J, Mach T. [Toxoplasmosis—epidemiology, clinical manifestation and infection in pregnant women]. Przegl Lek. 2006;63(2):97-9. Polish. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Nickdel MB, Roberts F, Brombacher F, Alexander J, Roberts CW. Counter-protective role for interleukin-5 during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun. 2001;69(2):1044-52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Lang C, Gross U, Lüder CG. Subversion of innate and adaptive immune responses by Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res. 2007;100(2):191-203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Romagnani S. Understanding the role of Th1/Th2 cells in infection. Trends Microbiol. 1996;4(12):470-3.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Vilcek J, Lee TH. Tumor necrosis factor: new insights into the molecular mechanisms of its multiple actions.

J Biol Chem. 1991;266(12):7313-6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Zaccone P, Fehervari Z, Phillips JM, Dunne DW, Cooke A. Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases. Parasite

Immunol. 2006;28(10):515-23. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Zicari A, Ticconi C, Realacci M, Cela O, Santangelo C, Pietropolli A, Russo MA, Piccione E. Hormonal regulation

of cytokine release by human fetal membranes at term gestation: effects of oxytocin, hydrocortisone and

progesterone on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 output. J Reprod

Immunol. 2002;56(1-2):123-36. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Madhappan B, Kempuraj D, Christodoulou S, Tsapikidis S, Boucher W, Karagiannis V, Athanassiou A, Theoharides TC. High levels of intrauterine corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortin, tryptase, and interleukin-8 in spontaneous abortions. Endocrinology. 2003;144(6):2285-90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Koumantaki Y, Matalliotakis I, Sifakis S, Kyriakou D, Neonaki M, Goymenou A, Koumantakis E. Detection

of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-11 in plasma from women with spontaneous abortion.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;98(1):66-71. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Soriano D, Hugol D, Quang NT, Darai E. Serum concentrations of interleukin-2R (IL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, and

tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2003;79(4):975-80. [PubMed]

[Google Scholar]

Hunter CA, Sibley LD. Modulation of innate immunity by Toxoplasma gondii virulence effectors. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10(11):766 78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Dimitriadis E, White CA, Jones RL, Salamonsen LA. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in

endometrium related to implantation. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11(6):613-30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Kapoor M, Martel-Pelletier J, Lajeunesse D, Pelletier JP, Fahmi H. Role of proinflammatory cytokines in the

pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7(1):33 42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Wilson DC, Matthews S, Yap GS. IL 12 signaling drives CD8+ T cell IFN gamma production and differentiation

of KLRG1+ effector subpopulations during Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Immunol. 2008;180(9):5935-45.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Piccinni MP, Lombardelli L, Logiodice F, Kullolli O, Romagnani S, Le Bouteiller P. T helper cell mediatedtolerance towards fetal allograft in successful pregnancy. Clin Mol Allergy. 2015;13(1):9. [PubMed]

[Google Scholar]

Published
2023-12-07