International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine (E-ISSN: 2454-325X)

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification Education on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Deepshikha, Deepanshi, Nishita Prakash, SreeRaja Kumar — Thu, 15 Oct 2026 11:59:58 +0000

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest growing non-communicable diseases worldwide, and lifestyle modification is central to its management. Structured patient education
is widely recommended, yet is inconsistently delivered in routine care, and its real-world effect on patients’ knowledge and self-care practice is not well described in Indian outpatient settings.
Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and lifestyle practice among patients with T2DM, to describe blood glucose monitoring behavior and self-perceived glycemic control, to document self-reported change
following a lifestyle modification education program, and to examine the association of knowledge and practice with selected demographic and clinical variables.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 61 adults with T2DM attending the Medical OPD/IPD of a tertiary care hospital in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, selected by purposive non probability sampling. A structured, expert-validated questionnaire (content validity greater than 80 percent expert consensus; knowledge tool reliability 0.89) covering demographic and clinical profile, a 15-item knowledge scale, an 8-item lifestyle-practice scale, glucose-monitoring behaviour and self-reported post-education change was administered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson correlation, with significance set at p less than 0.05.

Results: The mean knowledge score was 9.49 3.29 of 15 (63.3percent), with 47.5 percent of participants at a moderate level and 26.2 percent each at adequate and inadequate levels. The mean lifestyle-practice score was 26.15 4.59 of 32 (81.7percent), with 86.9 percent in the good-practice band; however, physical activity was the weakest item (mean 2.54/4), with 50.8 percent exercising rarely or never. Only 63.9 percent could state their most recent blood glucose value, and of the values reported, 65.8 percent exceeded behavior,. Self-reported outcomes after the education programme were almost unanalyzedpositive (mean 4.89 0.41 of 5). Knowledge was significantly associated with age ( euqual to 21.52, df equal to 4, p less than 0.001) and with the presence of a co-existing chronic illness ( equal to 10.27, df equal to 2, p equal to 0.006); no variable was significantly
associated with practice, and knowledge and practice scores were only weakly correlated (equal to 0.21, equal to 0.110).

Conclusion: Patients receiving lifestyle modification education reported near-universal satisfaction and high
adherence to clinician-directed behaviours, but this was not matched by adequate disease-specific knowledge,
self-initiated behaviours such as exercise, or objectively favourable glucose values. The findings indicate that current education achieves compliance without comprehension, and that programmes should verify understanding and be evaluated against measured glycaemic outcomes rather than self-report alone.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202618

How to cite this article:
Deepshikha, Deepanshi, Prakash N, Kumar S.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification Education
on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetic Patients: A
Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Preven Curat Comm
Med. 2026;12(4): 1-8.

Effectiveness of a Digital Storytelling Intervention on Knowledge, Risk Assessment and Self-Management Regarding Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome Among Adolescent Girls

Nithya N, Neha Tiwari, Muskan, Priya, Prachi, Tushar — Mon, 26 Oct 2026 05:40:46 +0000

Background: Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), the terminology adopted in the present study for the endocrine-metabolic disorder internationally indexed as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is associated with hormonal, ovarian and metabolic concerns. Adolescence is an important period for health education because knowledge, risk awareness and self-management practices are developing. Digital storytelling combines narration, visual material, text and multimedia elements and may provide an engaging method of health education for adolescent girls.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the pre-test level of knowledge, risk assessment and self-management regarding PMOS; evaluate the effectiveness of a digital storytelling intervention on these outcomes; determine the relationship among the study variables; and examine their association with selected demographic variables.

Methods: A quantitative evaluative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest and post-test design was used. Eighty adolescent girls studying in classes IX–XII at selected schools of Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic proforma, structured knowledge questionnaire, risk assessment checklist and self-management questionnaire. A digital storytelling intervention was administered after the pre-test and the post-test was conducted after seven days. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, Pearson correlation and Chisquare test.

Results: Baseline findings showed inadequate knowledge in 44 (55.0%) participants, moderate risk in 45 (56.3%) and high risk in 35 (43.8%), while 29 (36.3%) had poor selfmanagement and 51 (63.7%) had moderate self-management. After the intervention, adequate knowledge was observed in 35 (43.8%), low risk in 22 (27.5%), and good selfmanagement in 41 (51.2%) participants. Knowledge increased from 13.44 ± 3.38 to 20.71 ± 3.79 (mean difference 7.28; t = 37.812; p < 0.001), risk score decreased from 39.05 ± 6.20 to 26.84 ± 8.12 (mean difference 12.21; t = 29.442; p < 0.001), and selfmanagement increased from 16.70 ± 4.57 to 28.03 ± 5.60 (mean difference 11.33; t = 35.004; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the digital storytelling intervention was associated with significant improvement in knowledge and self-management and a significant reduction in assessed risk among the adolescent girls. The findings support the potential use of engaging digital health education approaches within school health programmes, while the one-group design and immediate post-test limit causal and long-term conclusions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202620

How to cite this article:
Nithya N, Tiwari N, Muskan, Priya, Prachi,
Tushar. Effectiveness of a Digital Storytelling
Intervention on Knowledge, Risk Assessment
and Self-Management Regarding Polyendocrine
Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome Among Adolescent
Girls. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(4):
20-27.

Knowledge, Awareness and Self-Reported Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Mon, 26 Oct 2026 07:04:28 +0000

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a leading global public health threat driven substantially by inappropriate antibiotic use. University students — as both current consumers of antibiotics and, for many, future healthcare professionals — represent a critical population for assessing awareness, knowledge and self-reported practice gaps that can inform targeted educational interventions.

Objective: To assess self-reported awareness, knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance among university students, and to identify gaps between perceived importance and actual knowledge/practice.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted among 103 university students using a structured, self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, awareness of AMR, core knowledge items, self-reported antibiotic-use behaviours, and attitudes toward antimicrobial stewardship and education. Data were summarised as frequencies and percentages and presented using descriptive tables, ranked comparisons, and composite domain-level analysis.

Results: Most participants (83.5%) were aged 18–25 years and were predominantly in their 5th semester of study (49.5%). While 79.6% reported having heard of antibiotic/AMR and 70.9% considered themselves aware of AMR, only 45.6% could correctly define antibiotic resistance as bacteria (not the human body) becoming resistant. Composite domain analysis revealed a clear gradient: self-reported Awareness scored highest (75.2%), followed by Attitude (68.2%), while composite Knowledge (46.6%) and Appropriate Practice (40.0%) scored substantially lower. Risky self-reported behaviours were common: 63.1% had taken antibiotics without a prescription, 66.0% had stopped a course early, 58.3% had shared antibiotics with others, and only 36.9% correctly disposed of leftover antibiotics. Despite these gaps, attitudes toward antimicrobial stewardship and AMR education were favourable, with 80.6% supporting compulsory AMR/stewardship training for healthcare students.

Conclusion: University students in this sample demonstrated relatively high self-reported awareness of AMR and favourable attitudes toward stewardship education, but this was not matched by objective knowledge or self-reported practice, mirroring a knowledge–practice gap widely reported in the international literature. Targeted, practice-oriented educational interventions — rather than awareness campaigns alone — are needed to translate positive attitudes into safer antibiotic-use behaviour.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202619

How to cite this article:
Zam T, Yasmin S, Mollah A, Nasrin T, Pathak D,
Ahmed M, Gangmei G, Sangma J N, Moirangthem
S. Knowledge, Awareness and Self-Reported
Practices Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance
Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional
Survey. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med.
2026;12(4): 9-19.