International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine (E-ISSN: 2454-325X)

Microbial Analysis of Potable Water Streams from Populated Remote Communes in Faridabad, Haryana State, India

Gunjan Raghav, Shivani Sharma — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 07:21:04 +0000

The physico-chemical parameters of the water samples varied across the streams, with pH values ranging from acidic to near-neutral and generally low levels of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of bacterial species including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Micrococcus luteus and Lactobacillus casei. Fecal coliform was detected in three out of the five streams analyzed, showing a 60% incidence rate. The presence of Escherichia coli indicated recent fecal contamination and potential health risks associated with the consumption of untreated water. The findings highlight the need for improved water sanitation, community education on safe water practices, and policy interventions to reduce contamination in rural communities Faridabad. The study contributes to understanding microbial water quality dynamics in underserved communities.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202613

How to cite this article:
Raghav G, Sharma S. Microbial Analysis of Potable Water Streams from Populated Remote Communes in Faridabad, Haryana State, India. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(3):1-9.

Pre- Hospital Delay due to faith healers consultation had adverse impact on outcomes in snakebite patients- A Hospital-Based Study from Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh (2021–2025)

Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease responsible for preventable deaths in rural India. In Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, the unique combination of hilly terrain, dispersed habitation and wetland ecosystems resulting in unique risk factors for snakopathy.

Objective: To study the clinical profile, health seeking pathways and outcomes of snakebite cases at a secondary-care facility over five years.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis from Civil Hospital Nurpur was done from January 2021 to December 2025. A total, 222 snakebite cases presented in this time period. A structured proforma of 62 variables was used for data collection. We included largely data variables that were complete and relevant (demographics, clinical features, venom type, pre-hospital delay, ASV use, complications or outcomes).

Results: Of the 222 cases analyzed, 59.9% were males (mean age: 36.8 plus or minus to 17.6 years). Lower limb bites cases were predominated (52.3%). Envenomation type was classified in 127 cases; of these, haemotoxic envenomation accounted for 35 cases (15.8% of total; 27.6% of classified) and neurotoxic for 18 cases (8.1% of total; 14.2% of classified). Significant species identified (n equal to 49) were Russell’s viper (67.4%). The crude case fatality ratio (CFR) was 7.2% (n equal to 16) of which, 13 (81.3%) were brought dead or died on arrival. The majority of the cases (82.4%) occurred in the monsoon months. Administered anti-snake venom (ASV) in 52.3% of cases and 4.5% reported anaphylaxis. Significantly, 8 (50%) of the total 16 deaths were clustered in the area around the Pong Dam water reservoir.

Conclusion: Pre-hospital delay and faith-healer consultation are the important modifiable determinant for snakopathy mortality in Kangra. Of the cases with confirmed healthseeking behaviour, 43.7% (45 out of 103) consulted a faith healer or temple before presentation to hospital, with delay of between 1to 7 hours in some case. The Pong Dam reservoir area is an ecological mortality hotspot warranting targeted surveillance and community intervention.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202612

How to cite this article:
Kankodia N, Menon J C, Sood R, Phull A, Suresh A, Bharti O K, Saini T. Consultation Had Adverse Impact on Outcomes in Snakebite Patients- A Hospital-Based Study from Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh (2021–2025) . Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(3):10-21.

Diagnostic Manifestations (Istedlal Wa Alamat) of Anaemia (Faqr Al-Dam) in Ancient Unani Literature - A Review

Chinedu Okafor, Amina Yusuf — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 07:58:14 +0000

Anaemia is a condition with a long historical background, with evidence of advanced disease identified in skeletal remains dating back approximately 4,000 years in Thailand. The significance of iron in maintaining health and treating disease has been recognized since ancient times, with Egyptian, Indian, Greek, and Roman physicians among the earliest practitioners to use iron therapeutically. During the 17th century, iron preparations were also employed in the treatment of chlorosis (“green disease”), a condition commonly associated with iron deficiency. Iron is an essential component of haemoglobin and plays a fundamental role in oxygen transport. Consequently, iron supplementation has remained one of the principal therapeutic approaches for anaemia associated with iron deficiency for many centuries.

Classical Unani medical literature contains detailed descriptions of the aetiological factors, classifications, pathophysiological mechanisms, and diagnostic manifestations associated with anaemia. These classical descriptions may provide useful insights into the recognition and early diagnosis of anaemia. For the present review, relevant information was collected from classical Unani medical texts, manuscripts, and other available literary sources. The review identified several clinical manifestations described in classical Unani literature that may contribute to the identification, diagnosis, and management of anaemia. A systematic examination of these traditional descriptions may therefore provide valuable information for the early recognition and management of anaemia within the Unani system of medicine, while also offering a basis for further comparative research with contemporary medical knowledge.

How to cite this article:
Okafor C, Yusuf A. Diagnostic Manifestations (Istedlal Wa Alamat) of Anaemia (Faqr Al-Dam) in Ancient Unani Literature - A Review. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(3):13-19.

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Pain Relief in Plantar Fasciitis: A Narrative Review

Sushmita Karki — Wed, 09 Sep 2026 07:15:39 +0000

Background: The most frequent cause of discomfort in the inferior heel is plantar fasciitis, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is one of the most effective therapies for plantar fasciitis. It was aimed to determine how extracorporeal shock wave therapy would affect plantar fasciitis.

Method: Studies were searched on Google Scholar and PubMed over the last 10 years. Randomised control trials (RCT), meta-analysis, cohort, and observational studies which used extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of plantar fasciitis were included and the primary outcome of this study is variation in pain relief.

Results: Patients with persistent plantar fasciitis who had extracorporeal shock wave therapy showed a moderately positive correlation with reduced pain and improved foot function of individuals.

Conclusion: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is effective in decreasing pain in patients with plantar fasciitis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202615

How to cite this article:
Karki S. Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Pain Relief in Plantar Fasciitis: A Narrative Review. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(3):29-33.

Intersectoral and Translational Medicine: Bridging Research, Health Systems and Community Action for Sustainable Health Outcomes

Wed, 09 Sep 2026 07:53:34 +0000

Health problems in the twenty-first century increasingly arise from interconnected biological, environmental, social, economic and behavioural determinants and therefore cannot be adequately addressed by the health sector alone. Intersectoral medicine provides a framework through which health authorities, environmental agencies, educational institutions, agricultural and veterinary services, urban planners, social organisations, private-sector stakeholders and communities can collaborate to prevent disease and improve population health. Translational medicine complements this approach by facilitating the movement of scientific discoveries and evidence through clinical evaluation, implementation, policy adoption and population-level impact. Although these concepts have frequently developed along separate disciplinary pathways, their integration provides an opportunity to shorten the distance between scientific knowledge, health-system action and measurable community outcomes. The World Health Organization's One Health framework similarly emphasises collaboration among human, animal, plant and environmental sectors, while contemporary implementation science focuses on translating evidence into routine practice. This review examines the conceptual foundations of intersectoral and translational medicine, their relationship with preventive and community medicine, mechanisms for effective cross-sector collaboration, implementation barriers, digital and data-driven opportunities, and potential applications to infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, non-communicable diseases, environmental health and climate-sensitive conditions. A practical integrated framework is proposed in which evidence generation, stakeholder engagement, implementation, evaluation and community feedback operate as a continuous cycle. The review argues that intersectoral and translational medicine should be treated not merely as complementary academic concepts but as operational components of modern health-system design.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202616

How to cite this article:
Al-Harthy K A, Al-Balushi S R, Al-Shukaili N M, Al-Mamari M S. Intersectoral and Translational Medicine: Bridging Research, Health Systems and Community Action for Sustainable Health Outcomes. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(3):34-42.

Symptomatic Uncomplicated and Extensive Colonic Diverticular Disease: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

Joyce F Vaghela, Bharti Gupta, Aditi Dogra — Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Diverticular Disease (DD) consists of diverticulosis and diverticulitis. In Diverticulosis of colon diverticulum/diverticuli (Pouches) develop in it. Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease (SUDD) is a syndrome, characterized by local abdominal pain with bowel movement changes but without systemic inflammation. If an acute diverticulitis does not resolve completely, Chronic Diverticulitis can develop. It is associated with localized or distant abscess/phlegmon. DD is an underrecognized disease especially in India, requiring early diagnosis, management and prevention as it impairs Quality of Life of patient.

Case Presentation: We report of two cases of DD, an elderly diabetic and hypertensive male with non-mucoid loose stools 4-5 times per day for 10 days and second elderly diabetic male with diffuse abdominal pain, and discomfort, localized to the right lower quadrant. The first was diagnosed with CT as a case of multiple diverticuli in Sigmoid colon and focal Diverticulitis of descending colon.

Second case: Imaging revealed ileo-caecal and appendiceal thickening with peritoneal nodularity, raising suspicion for malignancy. Colonoscopy demonstrated pan-colonic diverticulosis and a caecal mass-like lesion. Histopathology, and PET-CT were negative for malignancy. A diagnosis of Extensive Colonic Diverticular Disease with Appendicular phlegmon was made. Both cases responded to conservative treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicines.

Conclusion: Loose stools should be investigated properly as they could be the very first indication of DD in elderly. On the other-hand extensive colonic DD can mimic malignancy on imaging, when involving ileo-caecal region and appendix. A multidisciplinary, stepwise approach integrating imaging, colonoscopy, and histopathology is critical to accurate diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202617

How to cite this article:
Vaghela J F, Gupta B, Dogra A. Symptomatic Uncomplicated and Extensive Colonic Diverticular Disease: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2026;12(3):43-48.