Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Adults with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health concern worldwide, particularly among individuals with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Early identification of CKD risk factors is essential for preventing disease progression and reducing renal morbidity.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease among adults with hypertension and diabetes mellitus attending tertiary care hospitals in South India.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 adult patients diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. Sociodemographic data, clinical history, laboratory investigations, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine albumin levels were assessed. CKD staging was performed according to KDIGO guidelines.

Results

Among the participants, 38.3% were diagnosed with CKD. CKD prevalence was significantly higher among patients with uncontrolled diabetes, long-standing hypertension, obesity, and smoking history. Proteinuria and reduced eGFR were major predictors of renal impairment.

Conclusion

CKD prevalence remains considerably high among patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in South India. Early screening, lifestyle modification, glycemic control, blood pressure management, and regular renal monitoring are essential for prevention of CKD progression.