Clinico-epidemiological status of Leptospirosis in Nainital: an emerging zoonosis

Vinay  Singh; Harish  Chandra Pant; Manoj  Kandpal; JP  Kashyap; NK  Kandpal

Vinay Singh District Vector Borne Disease Consultant, Office of Chief Medical Officer Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Harish Chandra Pant Chief Medical Officer, Office of Chief Medical Officer Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Manoj Kandpal District Surveillance Officer, Office of Chief Medical Officer Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
JP Kashyap District Malaria Officer, Office of Chief Medical Officer Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
NK Kandpal

Keywords: Leptospirosis, Zoonotic Disease, Epidemiology, Disease Surveillance, ELISA, IgM Antibody, Febrile Illness, Uttarakhand, Emerging Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic diseases with increasing public health concern in India, especially in hilly and ecologically sensitive areas. The present study showed the current status, epidemiological patterns, risk factors, and public health response to leptospirosis in Nainital district, Uttarakhand. The study is based on surveillance data from the District Surveillance Unit, hospital-based reports from 2023 to 2025. The total of 1557 blood samples screened for leptospirosis, out of which 193 were positive. In 2023 total of 39 cases were recorded whereas in 2024 total 103 cases and in 2025 total 51 cases were recorded. The positivity rate increased particularly during monsoon season in every year. In terms of age distribution the present study revealed that the higher prevalence age group is 21-30 years and in terms of gender distribution, female are slightly highly infected (53%) with leptospirosis. The study underlines the need for integrated disease surveillance, early diagnostic interventions, public education, and intersectoral coordination to mitigate these zoonotic threats.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202649

How to cite this article:
Singh V, Pant H C, Kandpal M, Kashyap J P,Kandpal N K, Clinico-Epidemiological Status of Leptospirosis in Nainital District, Uttarakhand: A Retrospective Analysis of Routine Surveillance Data (2023–2025). J Commun Dis. 2026;58(3):13-17.

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