Assessing Causes of Tuberculosis Infection: A Community Based Study

Abstract

Background: Globally, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge, especially among developing countries. Nigeria ranks third among the countries with a high TB burden worldwide and first in Africa. Annual TB incidence was estimated to be approximately 467,000, with 219 per 100,000 population incidence rate reported in 2021, and the pattern persist in subsequent years. Furthermore, an estimated 245,000 mortalities were reported annually for TB. This study investigates the factors associated with TB infection among residents of the Ikeja area in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: A random sample of 133 consenting patients was enrolled for the study after completing informed consent forms to participate. Data was collected in a cross-sectional design using structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics and other risk factors of TB. Bivariate Logistic regression analysis method was used to identify factors associated with TB and analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. The results were presented in terms of crude odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval, and p-value reported for each predictor.

Results: The study found that Female sex was associated with lower odds of TB compared with males (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11–0.51, p < 0.01), non-smoking status was associated with reduced odds ratio compared with smokers (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10–0.45, p <.001 ), absence of immunosuppressive conditions was associated with lower odds of TB (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15–0.68,p=0.003), and individuals without contact with TB patients showed significant reduced odds of TB compared with those with known contact (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.06–0.33, pless than .001).

Conclusions:

TB control strategies should be prioritized with interventions against smoking, strengthen care for immunosuppressed individuals, and intensify contact tracing to limit transmission.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202664

How to cite this article:
Adeniji T O, Odeyemi A S. Assessing Causesof Tuberculosis Infection: A Community Based
Study. J Commun Dis. 2026;58(3):143-149