Importance of High-Risk HPV in India: Unravelling Genotypic Prevalence, Advanced Diagnostics, and Vaccination Strategies
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant contributor to cervical cancer, with high-risk genotypes HPV 16 and 18 accounting for 70% of cases. Despite the availability of screening and vaccination,
the burden of HPV-related malignancies remains high in India.
Objectives: This review aims to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes across Indian states. It also evaluates current screening techniques, diagnostic advancements, and vaccination
strategies to improve HPV-related cancer prevention.
Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords included “HPV,” “Cervical Cancer,” and “HPV
Genotypes.” Studies from 2000 to 2024 were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria encompassed research on HPVprevalence, diagnostic methods, and vaccination programs in India,
while non-Indian and animal studies were excluded.
Results: HPV screening methods in India include Pap smears, HPV DNA testing, and molecular diagnostics like PCR and Hybrid Capture High-risk genotypes, particularly HPV 16 and 18, dominate cervical cancer cases. Southern India exhibits a higher burden, while states like Kerala report lower prevalence. Advanced techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) show promise for improving diagnosis. Vaccines such as Cervarix and Gardasil provide protection,but awareness and coverage remain limited.
Conclusion: Enhanced HPV screening, early detection using molecular diagnostics, and widespread vaccination
are crucial to reducing HPV- associated cancers in India. Increased public awareness and policy-driven vaccination programs can significantly impact disease burden and prevention strategies.
Keywords: HPV, Cervical Cancer, Screening, MolecularDiagnostics, Vaccination, India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202641
How to cite this article:
Mashila A, Pradeep J, Indernath S S, Prabha P, Lavanya L, Balasubramanian M, Sowmya S. Importance of High-Risk HPV in India: Unravelling Genotypic Prevalence, Advanced Diagnostics, and Vaccination Strategies. J Commun Dis.2026;58(2):152-170.
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