Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 Serotype O27 septicemia in a patient with decompensated chronic liver disease - A Case Report

Sandhya Nediyaparambath; Priyadarshini Shanmugam; Ashish Kumar  Mukhopadhyay; Goutam Chowdhury; Deboleena Roy; Alice Peace Selvaabai R; Uma Maheshwari  PK

Sandhya Nediyaparambath Postgraduate Tutor, MBBS, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
Priyadarshini Shanmugam Professor and Head of Department, Ph D, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, India
Ashish Kumar Mukhopadhyay Scientist-G, Ph D, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections, Kolkata, India
Goutam Chowdhury 4Scientist-D, Ph D, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections, Kolkata, India
Deboleena Roy Senior Research Fellow, M Sc, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections, Kolkata, India
Alice Peace Selvaabai R Professor, Ph D, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
Uma Maheshwari PK Associate Professor, M D, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India

Keywords: Vibrio Cholerae, Bacteremia, Liver Cirrhosis, Virulence Factors, Septic Shock

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae serotypes that belong to the non-O1 and non-O139 category, especially O27, are emerging opportunistic pathogens being increasingly associated with severe septicemia, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Most non-O1 or non-O139 serogroups cause sporadic infections, but certain strains of Vibrio cholerae, including the O27 serotype, have acquired additional virulence factors, raising concerns about their potential for more invasive disease. We report a case of septic shock due to NOVC (serotype O27) in a patient suffering from decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD). Despite the efforts of intensive resuscitation, the patient died within 36 hours after admission, reflecting the highly aggressive nature of this infection amongst high-risk individuals. As patients with DCLD are particularly prone to immune dysfunction and increased gut permeability, in addition to increased susceptibility to bloodstream infection, they may be particularly vulnerable. Since there is limited information on Vibrio cholerae O27, this study will describe the clinical manifestation, associated risk factors, disease trajectory, and patient outcomes. We also review existing, but sparse, literature on the epidemiology and emerging therapeutic considerations of this infection and emphasize the role of early recognition and identification as well as the application of targeted management strategies. Expanding research on Vibrio cholerae O27 serotype is crucial to understanding its true public health significance and improving clinical outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202673

How to cite this article:
Nediyaparambath S, Shanmugam P, Mukhopad hyay A K, Chowdhury G, Roy D, Selvaabai A P
R, Maheshwari P K U. Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 Serotype O27 septicemia in a patient
with decompensated chronic liver disease - A Case Report. J Commun Dis. 2026;58(3):239-243.

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