Postpartum Depression: Role of Nurses in Early Identification and Management

Abstract

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern affecting maternal well-being, infant development, and family dynamics. Early identification and management of PPD are crucial to mitigate adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a critical role in screening, early detection, patient education, psychosocial support, and referral for treatment. This systematic review examines the role of nurses in early identification and management of postpartum depression. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, qualitative studies, and systematic reviews. Evidence indicates that nurse-led screening, psychoeducation, counseling, and referral significantly improve early detection, reduce symptom severity, enhance maternal coping strategies, and improve family functioning. Barriers identified include limited training, time constraints, stigma, and inadequate referral systems. Strengthening nursing competencies, integrating routine PPD screening, and developing culturally sensitive interventions are essential for effective early identification and management of postpartum depression.