Nutrition, Menstrual Hygiene, and Menstrual Disorders in Adolescence: Evidence from Urban and Rural India

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase marked by rapid physical, hormonal, and psychological changes. In India, menstrual hygiene practices, menstrual disorders, and nutritional status among adolescent girls remain major public health concerns, influenced by socio-cultural norms, dietary inadequacies, and disparities in access to health services.
Objective: This review aims to synthesize existing evidence on menstrual hygiene practices, menstrual disorders, and nutritional status among adolescent girls in urban and rural school settings in India.
Methods: A narrative review of literature was conducted using published studies from multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant articles focusing on adolescent girls, menstrual health, hygiene practices, and nutritional status in the Indian context were included.
Results: The findings indicate a high prevalence of menstrual disorders such as dysmenorrhea, irregular cycles, and menorrhagia among adolescents, often associated with poor nutritional status and anemia. Inadequate menstrual hygiene practices and limited awareness were more pronounced in rural settings due to infrastructural and socio-cultural barriers, whereas urban adolescents exhibited lifestyle-related nutritional challenges. School absenteeism, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of reproductive health issues were commonly reported outcomes.
Conclusion: The review highlights the need for integrated, school-based interventions combining nutrition education, menstrual hygiene awareness, and improved access to adolescent-friendly health services to address existing gaps and improve health outcomes among adolescent girls.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202602

How to cite this article:
Agarwal Y, George L. Nutrition, Menstrual Hygiene, and Menstrual Disorders in Adolescence: Evidence From Urban and Rural India. Epidem Int. 2026;11(1):8-12.