Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Pattern in a Mission Hospital in Nigeria: A Facility-Based One Year Retrospective Study.

Elizabeth Urenna IKE; Oyenihun Abimbola  Oluwatosin; Chizoma M Ndikom; Joel Ojo Aluko

Elizabeth Urenna IKE Department of Clinical Nursing, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Oyenihun Abimbola Oluwatosin Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Chizoma M Ndikom Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Joel Ojo Aluko Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Keywords: Neonatal, Morbidity, Mortality pattern, Neonatal Care, Neonatal outcome

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal period is sensitive due to the physiological adaptations newborns make to adapt to extra uterine environment. High percentage of mortality during infancy occur during this period especially in developing countries. Nigeria neonatal mortality record is among the worst in the world.

Aims: This study examined morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates admitted to Our Lady of Apostles (OLA) Catholic hospital, Okeofa Ibadan.

Setting and Design: This hospital-based retrospective study was carried out among admitted neonates at OLA Catholic hospital Oluyoro Ibadan, for a period of 1 year from May, 2017 to June 2018.

Materials and Methods: Overall, 360 complete case notes were reviewed. A 5-sectioned structured checklist containing 39 items designed by the researchers was used for data collection. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

Results: Among 360 neonatal cases notes that were studied, 310(86.1%) were admitted within the first and 7^thday of life with the mean day of admission being 4 Â± 5.5 days. 248(68.9%) of the neonates had normal birth weight, 59(16.4%) had low birth weight and 53(14.7%) were macrosomic babies with the mean weight being 3 Â± 0.6 kg. The two main causes of admission were neonatal sepsis 113 (31.4%) and birth asphyxia 94(26.1%).

A total of 248(68.9%) neonates survived and were discharged home, 79 (21.9%) were discharged against medical advice, 25(6.9%) were referred to a higher centre and 8(2.2%) died. There is a significant association between neonatesâ€™ gender (P 0.025), birth weight (P 0.013) and neonatal outcome.

Conclusion: Sepsis and birth asphyxia were the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Efforts should be intensified to improve the care provided to women and their newborns during labor and immediate postpartum period respectively.

How to cite this article:
Ike EU, Oliwatosin OA, Ndikom CM, Aluko JO. Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Pattern in a Mission Hospital in Nigeria: A Facility-Based One Year Retrospective Study. Int J Nurs Midwif Res. 2021; 8(2&3):3-10.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.202106

References

1. Amadi HO, Kawuwa MB. Reducing Early Neonatal Mortality in Nigeria â€“ The Solution., Selected Topics in Neonatal Care, R. Mauricio Barria. IntechOpen 2017. Doi:10.5772/intechopen.69221.
2. Kord Z, Tali SS, Karharoudy FA. Evaluation of adherence to oxygen therapy standards before, during and after oxygen hood administration. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery sciences, 2015; 2(4): 30-36.
3. Zhang B, Dai Y, Chen H, et al. Neonatal Mortality in hospitalized Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis. Biomedical Research 2019. Article ID 7919501: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/791950
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Newborns: reducing mortality. www.who.int>Newsroom > Fact sheets 2019 > Detail. Retreived 5/2/2020
5. Kotwal YS, Yatoo GH, Ahmed Jan FA. Morbidity and Mortality Among Neonates Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Neonat Pediatr Med. 2019; 3: 136. doi:10.4172/2572-4983.1000136.
6. Unicef. World is failing newborn babies. www.unicef.org>nigeria>press-releases>world-failing-newborn-babies 2018. Retreived 4/3/2020.
7. Wolde HF, Gonete KA, Akalu TY, et al. Factors affecting neonatal mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)- multilevel analysis. BMC Research Notes 2019; 12:610. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4668-3
8. Koshida S, Yanagi T, Ono T, et al. Possible Prevention of Neonatal Death: A Regional Population-Based study in Japan. Yonsei medical journal 2016; 57(2):436-429.
9. Tajkia G, Amin SK, Rahman ME, et al. Pattern of Admission and Outcome in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. AKMMC Journal 2019;10(2):150-158
10. Banstola R, Shrestha S, Ghimire JJ, et al. Disease Pattern and Outcome of Neonates at Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of Pokhara Academy of Health Science(PAHS), Nepal. NJOG 2017; 12(2):24:61-64
11. Roma KM, Pyakurel M, Gupta V, et al. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care unit of NGMC. Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 2017; 15 (1): 20-22.
12. Pongou R. Why is infant mortality higher in boys than in girls? A new hypothesis based on preconception environment and evidence from a large sample of twins. Demography 2013; 50(2): 421- 44. doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0161-5
13. Zhao D, Zou L, Lei, et al. Gender Differences in Infant Mortality and Neonatal Morbidity in Mixed-Gender Twins. Scientific Report 2017; 7:8736. pmid:28821800.
14. Demise AG, Alemu F, Gizaw MA, et al. Journal of pediatric health, Medicine and Therapeutics. Pattern of admission and factors associated with neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of university of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of paediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2017; 8:57-64.
15. Raji A, Muhammed AY, Abdulbaqi SZ, et al. Socio-cultural factors and male-child preference among couples in Ilorin-West local government Area of Kwara-State, Nigeria. Ethiopian journal of social language studies 2016; 3(1): 57-73
16. Okagua J, Obikwu U. Morbidity and Mortality pattern of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit of university of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. East African Medical Journal 2017; 94.4.
17. Onwuanaku CA, Okolo SN, Ige KO, et al , BO. The effects of birth weight and gender on neonatal mortality in north central Nigeria. BMC Research Notes 2011; 4:562. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-05.
18. Hussain S. Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Pattern in a Tertiary Care neonatal unit of a Teaching Hospital. Ann. Pak. Inst. Med. Sci. 2014; 10(1):7-11.
19. Hamid F, Quaium SMMA, Rahman A, et al. Audit of Neonatal Morbidity And Mortality In A Tertiary Care Hospital. Sylhet Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 2016; 15(1):45-48.
20. WHO. Infertility definitions and terminology â€“ WHO. Sexual and reproductive health. www.who.int.reproductive health> topics > infertility > definitions, 2020. retrieved 4/3/2020.
21. Abdullahi UI. Neonatal morbidity and mortality in Rural Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. CHRISMED Journal of Health Research, 5:810.http://www.cjhr.org/text.asp? 2018/5/1/8/223125
22. Ekwochi U, Ndu IK. Nwokoye IC, et al. Pattern of morbidlty and mortality of newborns admitted into the sick and special care babyunit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu State. Niger Journal of Clinical Practice 2014; 17: 346-351.
23. Chapagain RH, Basaula YN, Kayatha M, et al. Disease Profile and Hospital Otcome of Newborn Admitted to Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit at Tertiary Care Center in Nepal. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2017; 58(2):126-129
24. Afolabi BM, Clement CO, Inem V. A Review of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in an Intensive Care Unit of a Paediatric Health facility in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Diseases 2013; 1:115. Doi: 10.4172/2329-891X.1000115
25. Hoque M, Haaq S, Islam R. Causes of neonatal admissions and deaths at a rural hospital in Kwazulu- Natal, South Africa, Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 2011; 26(1):26-29.
26. Seboka J, Abera AM, Rebitu, AD. Pattern of admission and Outcome of Neonate Admitted to Adama Hospital Medical College Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Adama, Ethiopia. International Journal of sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) 2018; 42:1
27. Choudhary B, Choudhary Y, Pakhare AP, et al. Early Neonatal Outcome in Caesarian Section: A Developing Country Perspective. Iran J Pediatric 2017; 27(1):e7948. doi:10.5812/ijp.7948.
28. Bayih WA, Assefa N, Dheresa M, et al. Neonatal hypothermia and associated factors within six hours of delivery in eastern part of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics 2019; 19:252
29. Ike EU, Oyetunde MO. Pattern Of Diseases and Care Outcomes of Neonates Admitted in Special Care Baby Unit of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria From 2007 to 2011. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science 2015; 4.3(1):62-71.