A Comprehensive Review of EEG Education for Nurses: Addressing Knowledge Gaps and Exploring Future Opportunities

Archana Verma; Sachin; Ashutosh  Mishra; Alok  Kumar

Archana Verma Professor and Head, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli, Munshiganj, Dalmau Road, Raebareli, UP, India
Sachin EEG Technologist, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli, Munshiganj, Dalmau Road, Raebareli, UP, India
Ashutosh Mishra Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli, Munshiganj, Dalmau Road, Raebareli, UP, India.
Alok Kumar Professor & Head, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, UP University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, UP, India

Keywords: Nursing Education, Seizure Monitoring, Critical Care, EEG Training, EEG

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive diagnostic technology used to detect seizure activity in the brain. It is used in a variety of clinical situations, including seizure diagnosis and monitoring, brain function evaluation, preoperative assessment, sleep and mental problems, cognitive research, and critical care brain monitoring. EEG is preferred over other non-invasive procedures because of its lower risk, decreased pain, and shorter operation timeframes. It gives critical information that enhances surgical planning, particularly for localisation and lateralisation, resulting in better seizure treatment and patient quality of life.
Nurses must have a thorough awareness of EEG, including both its benefits and limits. EEG is useful in diagnosing and managing a wide range of neurological and psychiatric problems, in addition to epilepsy. This review study discusses how developing nursing expertise in EEG is crucial for better patient care and outcomes. It analyses present obstacles in EEG educati on for nurses, such as a lack of formal
training and inadequate practical resources, and suggests areas for improvement. These include incorporating organised EEG modules into nursing curricula, promoting multi collaboration, and
offering more hands-on training.
As EEG technology advances, nurses must be equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to support these advancements. Addressing these knowledge gaps will enable nurses to take a more
active role in EEG monitoring, resulting in improved care in both neurological and mental health settings.

How to cite this article:
Verma A, Sachin, Mishra A, Kumar A. A Comprehensive Review of EEG Education for Nurses: Addressing Knowledge Gaps and Exploring Future Opportunities. Int J Nurs Midwif Res. 2024;11(1):21-28.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.202404

References

Ali A. Global health: epilepsy. Semin Neurol. 2018;38(2):191-9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Jibiki I. [Definition and classification of epilepsy]. Nihon Rinsho. 2014;72(5):779-84. Japanese. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Thijs RD, Surges R, O’Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10172):689-701. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Suzuki M, Jin K, Kitazawa Y, Fujikawa M, Kakisaka Y, Sato S, Mugikura S, Nakasato N. Diagnostic yield of seizure recordings and neuroimaging in patients with focal epilepsy without interictal epileptiform discharges. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;112:107468. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Alkhachroum A, Appavu B, Egawa S, Foreman B, Gaspard N, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch LJ, Kurtz P, Lambrecq V, Kromm J, Vespa P, Zafar SF, Rohaut B, Claasen J. Electroencephalogram in the intensive care unit: a focused look at acute brain injury. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(10):1443-62. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Feyissa AM, Tatum WO. Adult EEG. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;160:103-24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Markand ON. Pearls, perils, and pitfalls in the use of the electroencephalogram. Semin Neurol. 2003;23(1):7-46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Acharya JN, Acharya VJ. Overview of EEG montages and principles of localization. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;36(5):325-9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Kutluay E, Kalamangalam GP. Montages for noninvasive EEG recording. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;36(5):330-6.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Landré E, Chipaux M, Maillard L, Szurhaj W, Trébuchon A. Electrophysiological technical procedures. Neurophysiol Clin. 2018;48(1):47-52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Khachidze I, Gugushvili M, Advadze M. EEG characteristics to hyperventilation by age and sex in patients with various neurological disorders. Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 22:12:727297. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Trenite DK, Rubboli G, Hirsch E, da Silva AM, Seri S, Wilkins A, Parra J, Covanis A, Elia M, Capovilla G, Stephani U, Harding G. Methodology of photic stimulation revisited: updated European algorithm for visual stimulation in the EEG laboratory. Epilepsia. 2012 Jan;53(1):16-24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Tinuper P, Bisulli F, Cross JH, Hesdorffer D, Kahane P, Nobili L, Provini F, Scheffer IE, Tassi L, Vignatelli L, Bassetti C, Cirignotta F, Derry C, Gambardella A, Guerrini R, Halasz P, Licchetta L, Mahowald M, Manni R, Marini C, Mostacci B, Naldi I, Parrino L, Picard F, Pugliatti M, Ryvlin P, Vigevano F, Zucconi M, Berkovic S, Ottman R. Definition and diagnostic criteria of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. Neurology. 2016;86(19):1834-42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Peltola ME, Leitinger M, Halford JJ, Vinayan KP, Kobayashi K, Pressler RM, Mindruta I, Mayor LC, Lauronen L, Beniczky S. Routine and sleep EEG: minimum recording standards of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology and the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2023 Mar;64(3):602-18. [PubMed]

Peltola ME, Leitinger M, Halford JJ, Vinayan KP, Kobayashi K, Pressler RM, Mindruta I, Mayor LC, Lauronen L, Beniczky S. Routine and sleep EEG: minimum recording standards of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology and the International League Against Epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2023 Mar;147:108-10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Firstclass [Internet]. The Wave - the characteristicsof an EEG; 2017 Aug 9 [cited 2023 Dec 24]. Available from: https://www.firstclassmed.com/articles/2017/eeg-waves

Britton JW, Frey LC, Hopp JL, Korb P, Koubeissi MZ, Lievens WE, Pestana-Knight EM, Louis EK. Electroencephalography (EEG): an introductory text and atlas of normal and abnormal findings in adults, children, and infants [Internet]. Chicago: American Epilepsy Society; 2016 [cited 2023 Dec 12]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27748095/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Wustenhagen S, Terney D, Gardella E, Larsen PM, Romer C, Aurlien H, Beniczky S. EEG normal variants: a prospective study using the SCORE system. Clin Neurophysiol Pract [Internet]. 2022 Jun 30 [cited 2023 Dec 26];7:183-200. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35865124/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Amin U, Nascimento FA, Karakis I, Schomer D, Benbadis SR. Normal variants and artifacts: importance in EEG interpretation. Epileptic Disord [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Dec 11];25(5):591-648. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36938895/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Asadi-Pooya AA, Sperling MR. Normal awake, drowsy, and sleep EEG patterns that might be overinterpreted as abnormal. J Clin Neurophysiol [Internet]. 2019 Jul [cited 2023 Dec 14];36(4):250-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31274687/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Westmoreland BF, Klass DW. Unusual EEG patterns. J Clin Neurophysiol [Internet]. 1990 Apr [cited 2023 Dec 16];7(2):209-28. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2187021/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Mari-Acevedo J, Yelvington K, Tatum WO. Normal EEG variants. Handb Clin Neurol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Dec 15];160:143-60. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31277844/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Burkholder DB, Britton JW, Rajasekaran V, Fabris RR, Cherian PJ, Kelly-Williams KM, So EL, Nickels KC, Wong-Kisiel LC, Lagerlund TD, Cascino GD, Worrell GA, Wirrell EC. Routine vs extended outpatient EEG for the detection of interictal epileptiform discharges. Neurology [Internet]. 2016 Apr 19 [cited 2023 Dec 21];86(16):1524-30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26984946/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Kural MA, Duez L, Hansen VS, Larsson PG, Rampp S, Schulz R, Tankisi H, Wennberg R, Bibby BM, Scherg M, Beniczky S. Criteria for defining interictal epileptiform discharges in EEG: a clinical validation study. Neurology [Internet]. 2020 May 19 [cited 2023 Dec 12];94(20):e2139-47. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32321764/ [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Tatum WO, Shellhaas RA. Epileptiform discharges: are we still defining them? Neurology. 2020;94(20):862-3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Seeck M, Koessler L, Bast T, Leijten F, Michel C, Baumgartner C, He B, Beniczky S. The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(10):2070-7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Buch VP, Parvizi J. Evolution of SEEG strategy: Stanford experience. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2024;35(1):83-5.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Sachin, Verma A, Mishra A, Kumar A. EEG for nursing: knowledge gaps and opportunities. Int J Nurs Sci Pract Res. 2024;10(1):5-10.

Masemer DA, Yu H, Konrad PE, Englot DJ. Stereoelectroencephalography and the role of the nurse. J Neurosci Nurs. 2020;52(3):103-5. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]