Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Health Disorders Among Indian Adolescents

Abstract

Mental health disorders among adolescents constitute a significant and growing public health concern in India. Adolescence, a critical developmental period marked by rapid biological, psychological, and social changes, is often the stage at which many mental health disorders first emerge. This review article examines the prevalence and key determinants of mental health disorders among Indian adolescents, drawing on findings from community-based, school-based, and clinical studies. Available evidence indicates that approximately 10–20% of Indian adolescents experience one or more mental health problems, with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, behavioral issues, and stress-related conditions being the most commonly reported. The review highlights multiple determinants influencing adolescent mental health, including academic pressure, family environment, socioeconomic status, peer relationships, gender-related factors, exposure to digital media, and sociocultural beliefs surrounding mental illness. Limited access to mental health services, lack of awareness, and persistent stigma further exacerbate the burden of untreated mental health conditions. Protective factors such as supportive family relationships, positive peer support, resilience, and school-based interventions are also discussed. The article emphasizes the need for early identification, integrated mental health services, educational reforms, and community-based awareness programs to address the mental health needs of adolescents in India. Strengthening preventive and promotive mental health strategies is essential for ensuring healthy development and long-term well-being in this vulnerable population.