Preconceptional Nutritional Risk Among Young Women (15–24 years) in Rural Northern India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Srinath Kathirvel; Ravneet Kaur; Archana  Singh; Mani Kalaivani; Shashi Kant; Puneet Misra; Sanjeev Gupta

Srinath Kathirvel Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, JIPMER Puducherry, Tamil nadu, India
Ravneet Kaur Additional Professor, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Archana Singh Additional Professor, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Mani Kalaivani Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Shashi Kant Professor and former head, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Puneet Misra Professor, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Sanjeev Gupta Professor and former head, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

Keywords: Pre-conceptional women, Underweight, Overweight, Anaemia, Nutritional risk, Malnutrition

References

World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. Preconception care. Regional expert group consultation. 2014. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205637. Last accessed on 26-09-2024.

Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet. 2016 Jun 11;387(10036):2423–78.

Hanson MA, Bardsley A, De-Regil LM et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) recommendations on adolescent, preconception, and maternal nutrition: “Think Nutrition First”. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131:S213-53.

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF East Asia and Pacific. Risk assessment and essential interventions to optimize care for women before, during and after pregnancy. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/eap/reports/well-nourished-women-and-girls-break-cycle-malnutrition-and-empower-generations. Last accessed on 28-06-2024.

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Programme Guidance on Maternal Nutrition. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/documents/programme-guidance-maternal-nutrition. Last accessed on 25-10-2024.

Hill B, Hall J, Skouteris H, Currie S. Defining preconception: exploring the concept of a preconception population. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 May 7;20(1):280.

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2020–21. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2020–21: India Report. Available from: https://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-5Reports/NFHS-5_INDIA_REPORT.pdf. Last accessed on 07-09-2024.

Kant S, Misra P, Gupta S et al. The Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CRHSP-AIIMS). Int J Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;42(3):758-68.

Sethi V, Dinachandra K, Murira Z et al. Nutrition status of nulliparous married Indian women 15-24 years: Decadal trends, predictors and program implications. PLoS One. 2019 Aug 27;14(8):e0221125.

World Health Organization STEPS Surveillance: Part 3: Training & Practical Guides: Section 4: Guide to Physical Measurements. 2005. Updated on 02-10-2020. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/43376/?sequence=1. Last accessed on 15-10-2024.

HORIBA Medical. ABX Micros ES 60 - HORIBA. Available at: https://www.horiba.com/int/medical/products/detail/action/show/Product/abx-micros-es-60-528. Last accessed on 25-10-2024.

World Health Organization (WHO). Physical Status: The use and interpretation of Anthropometry. Technical Report Series No. 854. Geneva 3–7. 1995.

World Obesity Federation. Obesity Classification. 2022. Available at: https://www.worldobesity.org/about/about-obesity/obesity-classification. Last accessed on 07-09-2024.

World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Updated on 31-05-2011. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-MNM-11.1. Last accessed on 04-09-2024.

National Centre of Excellence and Advanced Research on Diets. Preconception Toolkit. Available at: http://nceard.roshni-cwcsa.co.in/ToolkitFrame.aspx?flag=30. Last accessed on 20-10-2024.

Worku MG, Alamneh TS, Teshale AB, Yeshaw Y, Alem AZ, Ayalew HG, et al. Multilevel analysis of determinants of anemia among young women (15-24) in sub-Sahara Africa. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):e0268129.

Dean SV, Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Bhutta ZA. Preconception care: nutritional risks and interventions. Reprod Health. 2014;11:S3.

Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet 2008;371(9609):340–57.

Figa Z, Temesgen T, Mahamed AA, Bekele E. The effect of maternal undernutrition on adverse obstetric outcomes among women who attend antenatal care in Gedeo zone public hospitals, cohort study design. BMC nutrition. 2024;10(1):64.

World Health Organization. Nutritional anaemias: tools for effective prevention and control. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/259425. Last accessed on 10-10-2024.

Badireddy M, Baradhi KM. Chronic Anemia. Updated on 07-08-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534803. Last accessed on 05-10-2024.

Haq I, Raja M, Ahmad M. A comparison of the 2015 Indian Academy of Pediatrics, International Obesity Task Force and World Health Organization growth references among 5-18-year-old children. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2017 Nov 1;10(6): 1814-19.

Kapoor D, Abha, Goyal D, Singh M, Singh M, Chahal P. Comparative analysis of automated method, Sahli’s and cyanmethemoglobin method for Haemoglobin estimation using ANOVA in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2023;5(2):922-4.