Can Rabies Infection have an Abortive Phase? Need for Further Evidence to Understand Rabies Epidemiology

  • Omesh Kumar Bharti State Epidemiologist, SIHFW, Parimahal, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Abstract

How to cite this article: Bharti OK. Can Rabies Infection have an Abortive Phase? Need for Further Evidence to Understand Rabies Epidemiology. Epidem Int. 2022;7(2):17-19.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202209

References

Attenuated Rabies Virus Activates, while Pathogenic Rabies Virus Evades, the Host Innate Immune Responses

in the Central Nervous System.; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1211539/

Ito N, Moseley GW, Sugiyama M. The importance of immune evasion in the pathogenesis of rabies virus. J Vet Med Sci. 2016;78(7):1089-1098. doi:10.1292/ jvms.16-0092; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4976263/

Bharti O. Immunizing Vulnerable Populations Like Rag Pickers, Garbage Collectors, Municipality Workers

and Newspaper Hawkers against Rabies in Shimla Municipality, HP, India. World Journal of Vaccines. 5:19- 24.

doi: 10.4236/wjv.2015.51003.; Available from: https://www.scirp.org/pdf/_2015012010100288.pdf

Garba A., Umoh, J.U., et al. (2015) Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Unvaccinated Rabies

Occupational Risk Groups in Niger State, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health. 6:35-43.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2015/14461

Kumar Bharti O, Kumar Sharma U, Kumar A, Phull A. Exploring the Feasibility of a New Low Cost Intra-Dermal

Pre & Post Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis Protocol in Domestic Bovine in Jawali Veterinary Hospital, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. World Journal of Vaccines. 2018;8:8-20. DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2018.81002.; Available from: https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=82278

Rossouw L, Boshoff C, Sabeta C, Kotzé J. A preliminary investigation of exposure to rabies virus in selected

wildlife in the Kruger National Park, South Africa; Koedoe. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v63i1.1651

Mani R, Dovih D, Ashwini M, Chattopadhyay B, Harsha P, Garg K, Madhusudana S. Serological Evidence

of Lyssavirus Infection among Bats in Nagaland, a North-Eastern State in India. Epidemiology and Infection.2017;145(8):1635-1641. DOI: 10.1017/ S0950268817000310.; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817000310

Abortive vampire bat rabies infections in Peruvian peridomestic livestock.; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817000310

Eze UU, Ngoepe EC, Anene BM, Ezeokonkwo RC, Nwosuh C, Sabeta CT. Detection of lyssavirus antigen

and antibody levels among apparently healthy and suspected rabid dogs in South-Eastern Nigeria. BMC Res

Notes. 2018 Dec 22;11(1):920. DOI: 10.1186/ s13104-018-4024-z. PMID: 30577868; PMCID: PMC 6303872.;

Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303872/

Vaughn JB, Gerhardt P, Newell KW. Excretion of Street Rabies Virus in the Saliva of Dogs. JAMA. 1965 Aug 2;193:363-8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1965.03090050039010.PMID: 14313891; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.

nlm.nih.gov/14313891/

Atuman YJ, Adawa YA, Solomon A, Mshelbwala PP, Ogunkoya AB. Potential Risks for Rabies Spill-Over from

Apparently Healthy Dogs to Wildlife in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances.

;4:493-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ jva.20140418115203

Gold S, Donnelly CA, Nouvellet P, Woodroffe R. Rabies virus-neutralising antibodies in healthy, unvaccinated individuals: What do they mean for rabies epidemiology? PLoSNegl Trop Dis. 2020;14(2):e0007933. DOI: https://

doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007933.; Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/

journal.pntd.0007933

Cleaveland S, Barrat J, Barrat M, Selve M, Kaare M, Esterhuysen J. A rabies serosurvey of domestic

dogs in rural Tanzania: Results of a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) and a liquid-phase

blocking ELISA used in parallel. Epidemiology and Infection. 1999;123(1):157-164. DOI: 10.1017/S0950

; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10487652/

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR); Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/

mmwrhtml/mm5907a1.htm

. A passive “OneHealth†surveillance system to track canine rabies in urban India; Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.22271029v1.full

Shengli M, Qian L, Yan S, Wenjuan W, Jie W, Jinrong S, Zejun W, Xingguo L. A case of human rabies with

a long incubation period in Wuhan. IDCases. 2020 Nov 4;23:e00998. DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00998.

PMID: 33318930; PMCID: PMC7724148.; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/

PMC7724148/

Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J.

Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2013 May;12(5):498-

DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70038-3. PMID: 23602163. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23602163/

Hossain et al., 2019, Cell Reports 29, 1934–1945; November 12, 2019 ª 2019 The Author(s). DOI: https://

doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.02

Published
2022-06-27