Chettinad Health City Medical Journal (E-2278-2044 & P-2277-8845)

Levelling Up Medical Education: The Power of Gamification

Raja D — 2025-03-31

Medical education has long relied on traditional teaching methods, including lectures, textbooks, and clinical rotations. While these methods provide a strong theoretical foundation, they often fail to engage students in active learning. In response to this challenge, gamification has emerged as an innovative approach to medical training, incorporating game mechanics such as points, leaderboards, and interactive simulations to enhance learning outcomes. Studies indicate that gamification significantly improves knowledge retention, student motivation, and collaborative learning, making it an effective strategy for modern medical education.
This editorial explores the role of gamification in medical education, its benefits, applications, and challenges, and highlights strategies for its successful integration into curricula.

How to cite this article:
Raj D. Levelling Up Medical Education: The Power
of Gamification. Chettinad Health City Med J.
2025;14(1):1-3.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202501

A Comparative Study on the Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders among Residents of a Tribal and Rural Area of Salem District, Tamil Nadu

Vijayakarthikeyan M — 2025-03-31

Introduction: An important contributing factor to thyroid dysfunction is an iodine shortage in the diet. Thyroid diseases remain common in this post-iodisation period even after 30 years of implementation of Universal Salt Iodisation (USI).
Objectives:
1. To determine the thyroid disorder prevalence in the Salem district’s
rural and tribal populations
2. To explore the risk factors for thyroid disorders in the Salem
district’s rural and indigenous populations
Materials and Methods: 400 inhabitants of the Salem district (200 from each of the rural and tribal areas) participated in the community- based analytical cross-sectional study. A pre-tested, semi-structuredquestionnaire was used to gather data. The amount of iodine in the salt sample was measured using a Rapid Diagnostic Kit (MBI Kit). Blood samples were collected in order to assess the thyroid condition. The study variables were described using both descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: Nearly 33% in the tribal area and 24% in the rural area had any form of thyroid disorder. The most common was subclinical hypothyroidism (rural: 12.4% vs tribal: 18%). Findings of the bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the female sex (rural AOR: 2.15 vs tribal AOR: 3.71) and usage of inadequately iodised salt (rural AOR: 4.89 vs tribal AOR: 4.18) were significantly associated with thyroid disorders in both the population.
Conclusion: A multifaceted strategy including legislative, administrative, and educational initiatives must be put in place to curb this menace. It is imperative to implement effective communication techniques and provide education involving interested stakeholders at all levels.

How to cite this article:
Vijayakarthikeyan M, Prakash S A, Priya G P,
Angayarkanni P. A Comparative Study on the
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders among Residents
of a Tribal and Rural Area of Salem District, Tamil
Nadu. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):4-
11.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202502

Assessment of Utilisation and Impact of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (ABPMJAY) on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in Jammu and Kashmir

Shafiqa Rasool — 2025-03-31

Background & Objective: Economic barriers significantly affect access to healthcare. Health insurance is essential to prevent financial hardship and ensure service utilization. To reduce this burden, the Government
of India launched Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) in Jammu and Kashmir on December 1, 2018. This study focuses on assessing the utilisation and impact of AB-PMJAY in reducing Out-Of- Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) and Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) among the population of Jammu and Kashmir.
Methods: A primary survey was carried out in four districts of Jammu and Kashmir which includes districts Srinagar, Baramulla, Anantnag and Budgam. Simple random sampling technique was used to determine
the sample size and around 192 hospitalisation cases were selected. The interview schedule was developed based on the 71st round of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and details on health expenditure for inpatient care and outpatient care were collected separately.
Results: Out of 192 hospitalisation cases, 11% did not utilise services under the AB-PMJAY scheme and out of these, around 6.71% faced financial hardship.
Conclusion: From this study, it was found that out-of-pocket spending was lower among those hospitalisation cases who utilised services under the Ayushman Bharat SEHAT scheme. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY scheme has the potential to reduce the financial burden to a great extent if more services like OPD services in major and common illnesses (like diabetes, hypertension and CVS diseases) are made available. Also, modification and upgradation of hospital infrastructure and easing the claim process can also play a key role.

How to cite this article:
Rasool S, Geer M I. Assessment of Utilisation
and Impact of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri
Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) on Out-of-Pocket
Expenditure in Jammu and Kashmir. Chettinad
Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):12-18.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202503

Correlation of Serum Leptin with Thyroid Hormones in Metabolic Syndrome Patients with and without Hypothyroidism

Barla Krishna — 2025-03-31

Introduction: Cardiovascular illnesses, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic disorders are linked to metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the connection between thyroid hormone profiles and blood leptin levels in individuals with metabolic syndrome who did not have hypothyroidism.
Methods: A total of 120 participants were included 80 patients with metabolic syndrome (40 with hypothyroidism and 40 without hypothyroidism) and 40 healthy controls. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, thyroid hormone levels, and serum leptin concentrations were measured and compared across groups.
Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients with hypothyroidism (25.18 ± 5.46) compared to those without hypothyroidism (11.55 ± 3.15) and healthy controls (4.05 ± 2.12) (p- 0.0001). A significant positive correlation was observed between serum leptin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (r = 0.749, p- 0.0001).
Conclusion: These results imply that in patients with metabolic syndrome, leptin metabolism and the pituitary-thyroid axis are strongly correlated. Serum leptin level monitoring may help identify and stop problems in
these patients early.

How to cite this article:
Krishna B, Dhas P K, Ganesh V. Correlation
of Serum Leptin with Thyroid Hormones in
Metabolic Syndrome Patients with and without
Hypothyroidism. Chettinad Health City Med J.
2025;14(1):19-24.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202504

Factors Influencing the Utilisation of Antenatal Care Services in a Selected Hospital of Kashmir, India

Salma Amin — 2025-03-31

Introduction: The majority of mothers in India lack basic knowledge of antenatal care. They are prone to catastrophic effects because of their illiteracy, poverty, lack of communication, and lack of transportation options.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the factors influencing the utilisation of antenatal care services among antenatal mothers and develop advocacy guidelines for policymakers.
Methodology:The data was collected from 100 antenatal mothersby structured interview schedule and sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics was used.
Results: The data revealed that majority of antenatal mothers (75%) had average utilisation of ANC services. The data also revealed that the most common factors that affect the utilisation of ANC services among antenatal mothers in a selected hospitalin Kashmir include awareness of ANC services (28%), media exposure (31%), and accessibility (40%). It was also found that there was a significant relationship between income and occupation of antenatal mothers with utilisation of ANC services
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, Advocacy guidelines for policymakers were developed to improve utilisation of ANC services. The results of this study could be used to plan and create strategies
for the use of ANC by antenatal mothers.

How to cite this article:
Amin S, Chhugani M, Thokchom S. Factors
Influencing the Utilisation of Antenatal Care
Services in a Selected Hospital of Kashmir, India.
Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):25-34.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202505

Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Topical Emulgel of Luliconazole Using Essential Oils

Shubham K Wani — 2025-03-31

Introduction: Luliconazole, an antifungal agent, is characterized by low solubility and high permeability. The study was conducted to develop emulgel formulations of luliconazole using essential oils as penetration enhancers and to compare their properties with those of plain luliconazole emulgel.
Methods: Emulgels were prepared by incorporating luliconazole emulsions into a Carbopol 940 gel base. Penetration enhancers such as clove oil and tea tree oil were used at various concentrations. The formulations were evaluated for their physical properties, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, antifungal activity, and stability.
Results: The evaluation revealed that the luliconazole emulgel containing clove oil demonstrated superior in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, antifungal activity, and skin permeability compared to the plain luliconazole emulgel and the formulation containing tea tree oil.
Conclusion: The combination of luliconazole with clove oil in the emulgel formulation enhances skin permeability and potentiates antifungal activity, making it a promising approach for improving luliconazole’s
therapeutic efficacy.

How to cite this article:
Wani S K, Katti S A, Pawar S H, Tayde M A, Patil R
A. Formulation, Development and Evaluation of
Topical Emulgel of Luliconazole Using Essential
Oils. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):35-
41.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202506

Impact of Text Neck Syndrome on Posture and Prolonged Device Use among Postgraduate Students

G Aswini — 2025-03-31

Introduction: Text neck syndrome is characterised as an overuse syndrome or repetitive stress injury, involving the positioning of the head in a forward or downward manner while focusing on a mobile device or any other electronic gadget for extended durations. Consequently, this leads to the tightening of shoulder muscles, discomfort in neck muscles, and possibly even persistent headaches.
Primary Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of text neck syndrome among the young adult population by utilising the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire.
Methodology: An analysis conducted cross-sectional study included 490 postgraduate students aged between 18 to 25 years from various academic departments at Avinashilingam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Demographic profiles were compiled from the participants, who were then tasked with completing the Neck Disability Index questionnaire. Subsequently, the collected data was scrutinised to explore the correlation between neck pain and neck posture during mobile phone usage.
Results: The results indicated that females demonstrated a higher vulnerability, primarily adopting a 30° neck flexed posture while using their smartphones for an average of 4 hours daily. Moreover, the age bracket most impacted was identified as 22 years.
Conclusion: 42% had mild disability and 18% had moderate disability, 5% had Severe disability. It was also found that increased hours of smartphone usage leads to increased neck disability, The study also found that increased neck flexion position while using their smartphones leads to increased neck disability.

How to cite this article:
G Aswini, K Manimozhi. Impact of Text Neck
Syndrome on Posture and Prolonged Device Use
among Postgraduate Students. Chettinad Health
City Med J. 2025;14(1):42-50.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202507

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Alangium salvifolium and Alangium lamarckii against Human Pathogenic Bacterial Species

Ganesan Janani — 2025-03-31

Introduction: The plants Alangium salvifolium and Alangium lamarckii have been utilised to treat various ailments in traditional folk medicine. The current study aims to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of bark of Alangium salvifolium and Alangium lamarckii.
Methods: In this study, the extracts of bark of selected plants using solvents methanol, ethanol and petroleum ether were subjected to evaluation of their antibacterial activity. The serial dilution method was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each plant extract. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial activity against clinically significant gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis,
and Enterobacter cloacae.
Results: The methanolic extract of the bark of Alangium salvifolium and Alangium lamarckii exhibited the maximum antibacterial effect when compared with the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts. The methanolic extract of the bark of A. salvifolium showed the maximum zone of inhibition of 26.07 ± 1.31 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methanolic extract of bark of A. lamarckiishowed the maximum zone of inhibition 27.00 ± 1.20 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusion: Therefore, the bark extracts of Alangium salvifolium and Alangium lamarckii exhibited an antibacterial effect against selected human bacterial pathogens. So, the present study concluded that both of these plants may serve as prospective source materials for the development of new antibacterial agents.

How to cite this article:
Janani G, Bharathi T, Saravanan M, Udayakumar
R. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Alangium
salvifolium and Alangium lamarckii against
Human Pathogenic Bacterial Species. Chettinad
Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):51-58.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202508

Perspectives of Parents and Professionals on Assistive Devices Utilised by Persons with Cerebral Palsy

Tagore Govindarajan — 2025-03-31

Introduction: The 2011 Census estimated that 2.7 crore people have any form of disability in India. Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the disabilities recognised by major acts in India. Assistive technology plays an important role in improving the functional independence of people with CP. The feedback from the parents and other stakeholders on handling persons with CP is helpful in identifying their unmet needs and helping to develop new devices and upgrade their features. The present study aims to gather the perspectives of parents and professionals on assistive devices utilised by persons with CP.
Methods: The data was collected from 67 parents and 57 professionals, totaling 124 people. The snowball sampling method was used to select the participants. Two semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect the data. Four individual interviews and fourteen group interviews were conducted. The recorded data was transcribed and thematically analysed using qualitative research methods and
predetermined themes.
Results: The study results explain the need for developing new assistive devices and the list of modifications required in the existing devices used by persons with CP. The themes explain the mobility aids, like singlearm or lever-operated wheelchairs, motorised wheelchairs in foldable models, menstrual hygiene products suitable for sustained duration, patient transfer systems (e.g., manual/ electric patient lift transfer chairs), computer-assisted orthotic devices for precise measurement and health insurance reimbursement for assistive devices.
Conclusions: Participants expressed their needs and provided suggestions for improving the device’s utility and service delivery. Detailed research is to be carried out in these aspects to identify the suitability of its use
in persons with CP.

How to cite this article:
Govindarajan T, Turin M A. Perspectives of
Parents and Professionals on Assistive Devices
Utilised by Persons with Cerebral Palsy. Chettinad
Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):59-64.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202509

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Assesment of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Adiantum Capillus Veneris

Zahida Shah — 2025-03-31

The research explored the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous extracts derived from Adiantum capillus veneris. The anti-inflammatory potential of hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts was assessed through three in vitro tests: Membrane stabilization assay, Suppression of Albumin protein denaturation, and proteinase inhibitory activities. The findings revealed that the suppression of hemolysis by Adiantum capillus veneris Butanol extract was notably higher at 89.19% compared to the ethylacetate extract, which exhibited 83.14% inhibition at a concentration of 500µg/ml. Meanwhile, the hexane extract demonstrated inhibition rates ranging from 41.24% to 79.60% across concentrations of 100-500µg/ml, and the Aqueous extract showed a percentage inhibition ranging from 37.43% to 63.59% (p <0.01). The percentage reduction in protein denaturation by the hexane extract varies between 11.198% and 59.46% within the concentration span of 100-500µg/ml. Conversely, the aqueous extract demonstrates inhibition rates ranging from 9.74% to 56.98%. Notably, the butanol extract showcases notably elevated inhibition at 88.49%, while the ethylacetate extract displays comparatively lower inhibition levels at 82.05% (p<0.05). The proteinase inhibitory function of the Butanol extract exhibited notably superior inhibition of proteinase compared to other extracts, registering a substantial inhibition rate of 80.75% at density of 500µg/ml (p<0.01). Three experiments were conducted to assess the antioxidant capabilities of hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts in vitro. DPPH assay, Hydrogen peroxide assay, Hydroxyl scavenging. In the DPPH assay, the capability of the Hexane and Aqueous extracts to eliminate free radicals was 62.68% and 78.90% correspondingly when administered at a dosage of 300µg/ml. Similarly, at this concentration, the scavenging efficacy of Butanol extract showed 84.07% whereas ethylacetate extract showed comparatively less scavenging activity 81.6%. In Hydroxyl scavenging assay, the Hexane and aqueous-based extracts exhibited a 56.81% and 59.46% removal impact at a dosage of 300µg/ml on hydroxyl radicals correspondingly. The Butanol extract showed a higher scavenging effect of 81.13% whereas Ethylacetate extract showed 66.23% on hydroxyl radicals. In the evaluation of hydrogen peroxide levels, it was discovered that the extracts are less effective at removing H2O2 compared to the established benchmark, ascorbic acid. Phytochemical examination uncovered the existence of significant substances like alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, and Phenols. The results of this research indicate that the butanol extracts derived from the plant could function as potential anti-inflammatory remedies.

Prevalence and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidaemia in Urban-Rural Younger, Middle-Aged, and Elderly Indians

Umesh Kumar Sharma — 2025-03-31

Introduction: Due to rapid urbanisation, Indians are more likely to developage-specific type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidaemia. This study intended to investigate the prevalence of T2DM and dyslipidaemia in younger (< 30 years), middle (31–40,41–50, and 51–60 years), and older (61–70 and > 70 years) age groups in urban-rural Indians.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Metro Heart Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana. The patient’s demographic information (urban-rural), gender, fasting blood glucose levels, dyslipidaemia profile (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were collected based on age groups.
Results: Urban middle-aged (41–50 years: 56.3%; 51–60 years: 76.9%) and elderly (61–70 years: 83.3%) experienced markedly higher prevalence of T2DM than rural (41–50 years: 20.8%; 51–60 years: 20.7%; 61–70 years: 38.3%) participants of similar age groups. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia measured through hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia was higher in females over 45 years, and in males, it was higher in those under 45 years. The study revealed that individuals with T2DM show a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia in middle age as compared to the elderly, with a higher prevalence of HDL-C and LDL-C in males under 45 years.
Conclusion: The prevalence of T2DM and dyslipidaemia was lower in rural India than in urban, particularly in middle age groups but their levels were still greater.

How to cite this article:
Sharma U K, Pujani M, J Anuradha, Kalra B. Prevalence and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidaemia in Urban-Rural Younger, Middle-Aged, and Elderly Indians. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):79-87.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202511

Intranasal Drug Delivery System: An Innovative Approach

D Rushi Kumar Reddy — 2025-03-31

Drug delivery through the nose has been used for thousands of years. For medications like protein and peptides that have low oral bioavailability and are active at the microgram level, this is a helpful delivery system. The nasal mucosa’s enormous surface area allows for a quick start of a therapeutic impact. The Ayurvedic medical system has acknowledged the possibility of an intranasal therapy that transports drugs avoiding the hepatic metabolic process and going straight to the central nerve system (CNS). The medications are inhaled through the nose for a localised or systemic effect. They are readily available and appropriate for self-medication. The nasal mucosa’s enormous surface area allows for a direct distribution of therapeutic effects to the CNS with a quick commencement of action. The nasal drug delivery will be helpful for drugs that are unstable when taken orally due to considerable deterioration within the digestive system. Instead of parenteral therapy, the nasal route is beneficial for long-term treatment. Because the nasal mucosa is extremely permeable and vascularised, it can also be utilised for systemic therapy, as the medication enters the bloodstream
immediately. They all work to increase patient comfort, convenience, and compliance.

Early Recovery in Stress Urinary Incontinence Following Radical Prostatectomy in a 73 Year Old through Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation - A Case Report

Asmu Bhattarai — 2025-03-31

Stress urinary incontinence is a common consequence after prostate surgery.The data supporting proper pelvic floor therapy for the same is limited. This case study is unique since it offers a thorough rehabilitation plan
for urinary incontinence after prostate surgery in a 73-year-old male for six weeks. Treatment with physical therapy included electrotherapy, pelvic floor strengthening, pelvic floor coordination with core, whole-
body vibration, and bladder retraining with behavioural guidance. Pad test showed a significant difference in the weight of the pad and scores on the Modified Oxford (MOG) Scale were adjusted from Grade III to Grade IV for pelvic floor strength. The reduction of scores from 70 to 41 points in The Kings Health Questionnaire and from 18 to 9 in International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire suggests improvement in quality of life specifically in physical limitations and severity measures. Pelvic floor rehabilitation, when administered with
appropriate dosage and protocol, results in early resolution of stress incontinence post prostate surgery in elderly males where a surgical approach seems sophisticated. Literature needs more proof based on
more rigorous research techniques.

How to cite this article:
Bhattarai A, Mahishale A. Early Recovery in Stress Urinary Incontinence Following Radical Prostatectomy in a 73 Year Old through Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation - A Case Report. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):98-102.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202513

The Clinical Odyssey: Exploring the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN) in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Study

Yash Radhanpura — 2025-03-31

The complex degenerative neurological condition known as Guillain- Barre syndrome (GBS) can be acute in origin. It is an acquired syndrome that manifests as gradual, symmetrical tingling and weakening both
proximally and distally. There is often sensory loss and reduced or absent nerve stretch responses. In spinal nerve roots, depolarisation is a disease, even though the cause is yet unclear. Early detection and prompt referral are crucial in critical cases since some individuals may experience respiratory problems and cardiovascular instability. A case of a 21-year-old female presenting with Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), a subtype of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) with seizures has been presented here. The importance of a correct diagnosis by the chiropractor and the subsequent management is reviewed.

How to cite this article:
Radhanpura Y, Gadhiya H, Tirgar P. The Clinical Odyssey: Exploring the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN) in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Study. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):103-105.

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9116-7767

Treatment of Chronic Sacroiliitis with Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction-Physiotherapeutic Approach: A Single Case Study

Mohamed Nainar A — 2025-03-31

Chronic sacroiliitis refers to long-term inflammation of one or both of the sacroiliac (SI) joints. Sacroiliitis can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty in activities of daily living. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic approach using ultrasound, mulligan mobilisation, and tailored exercises for treatment of chronic sacroiliitis with SI joint dysfunction. A 28-year-old male subject presented with pain and stiffness in the lower back with difficulty in walking and doing ADL. He was a known case of chronic sacroiliitis and was suffering from chronic pain for the past 6 months, was treated primarily with a course of NSAIDs, and interferential therapy which did not yield results. Later was given a joint block which did not resolve his
pain or functional ability. He was referred back to the physiotherapy department. The subject was treated with ultrasound and Mulligan mobilisation techniques for 3 weeks. After the treatment period, the subject showed a much better prognosis on the pain scale with a reduction from 8 to 2 points on the VAS Scale and a better functional outcome. The subject was assessed pre and post intervention using three tools: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The result showed improvement in pain reduction, functional capacity, and overall quality of life. This case study suggests that a physiotherapeutic approach with ultrasound, mulligan mobilisation, and targeted exercises can be effective in managing chronic sacroiliitis with SI joint dysfunction in reducing symptoms and improving functional outcomes.

How to cite this article:
Nainar A M, Babu L H, Fathima M M Z, Thiyagarajan A, Vardhini C I, Ramesh C. Treatment of Chronic Sacroiliitis with Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction- Physiotherapeutic Approach: A Single Case Study. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2025;14(1):106-110.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202515