Chettinad Health City Medical Journal (E-2278-2044 & P-2277-8845)

The Ergonomic Cost of Convenience: Health Risks of Long-Term Remote Work

Raja D — 2024-12-31

How to cite this article:
Raja D. The Ergonomic Cost of Convenience: Health Risks of Long-Term Remote Work. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):1-3.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202453

A Comparative Study on Nutritional Status, Functional Status and Quality of Life between Dementia Patients and Healthy Individuals in Kolkata, West Bengal

Soumam Dutta — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Dementia patients may have an increased risk of developing malnutrition, due to inadequate food intake and inferior dietary quality. Furthermore, functional impairment may worsen the situation by limiting the ability to self-feed. It may ultimately lead to a decrease in quality of life and an increase in caregiver burden. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the nutritional status (NS), functional status (FS) and quality of life (QoL) of dementia patients and compare them with those of healthy individuals.
Methodology: Dementia patitents (n = 60) and healthy subjects (n = 60) of similar sociodemographic profiles were recruited. Validated tools were used for the screening and assessment of dementia, NS, FS and QoL.
Results: A significant (p < 0.001) impairment of NS, FS and QoL was observed among dementia patients. The patients were found to consume a lesser number of meals and had difficulties in self-feeding. Also, the patients perceived themselves to be unwell/ unhealthy.
Conclusion: Overall, dementia patients faced higher degrees of malnutrition and functional impairment and had lower quality of life than healthy individuals. Routine screening and targeted interventions will be beneficial for such patients.

How to cite this article:
Dutta S, Roy S, Roy S, Manna A. A Comparative Study on Nutritional Status, Functional Status and Quality of Life between Dementia Patients and Healthy Individuals in Kolkata, West Bengal. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):4-9.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202454

A Comparative Study to Assess the Needs of Elderly Residing in Gated and Non-Gated Communities in Selected Areas of Delhi

Arushi Negi — 2024-12-31

Introduction: In the twenty-first century, ageing has become one of the most discussed global issues. Keeping this in mind the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the needs of older people residing in gated and non-gated communities with a view to give recommendations to residents’ welfare associations based on the elderly needs.
Methodology: A quantitative research methodology with descriptive comparative research design was used for the current study. The sample was taken among elderly residing in gated and non-gated communities of Delhi. The collection of data was done using purposive sampling technique for 100 elderly from gated and 100 elderly from non-gated communities. A standardised tool (CANE) was used to evaluate the elderly needs.
Results: The results showed that the elderly had various needs which varied according to their residential status. There was a statistical difference of 1.154 between the needs of the elderly residing in gated and non-gated communities. The highest need was related to eyesight/ hearing and communication (1.01 in gated) and (0.98 in non-gated) in both and the least was associated with safety from self-harm (0) in both communities.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the elderly in gated and non-gated communities had various needs which differed according to their residential status. The priority needs included eyesight-related needs, household skills and physical health. To fulfil the various needs, certain recommendations based on their basic, security, belongingness, self-esteem, and actualisation needs were provided which included counselling sessions, yoga sessions, sewer cleaning, government scheme information, dedicated helplines, senior citizen clubs etc.

How to cite this article:
Negi A, Rani S, Bijoy G. A Comparative Study to Assess the Needs of Elderly Residing in Gated and Non-Gated Communities in Selected Areas of Delhi. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):10-20.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202455

An Efficient Hybrid Data Mining Model for Prognostication of an Imbalanced Data Set of Liver Disorder: A K-Prototype Naïve Bayes Approach

Divya — 2024-12-31

Background: Liver disorders have recently become the deadliest disorder in many countries, with the number of patients increasing as a result of alcohol consumption, exposure to toxic gases, and ingestion of tainted foods and drugs. Data mining is the most effective approach for detecting the disease early on.
Objective: This study aimed to predict and diagnose early-stage liver disorders.
Method: In this study, we used the Indian liver patient dataset from the UCI machine learning repository. This dataset contains the sex imbalance for which we applied both oversampling and undersampling strategies; we used principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selection. In this research, we built eight models from 4 experiments in RStudio with the required packages. These models are compared based on the performance factors, which include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and error rate. We constructed the Naïve Bayes model and a new innovative hybrid model combining k-prototype clustering and the Naïve Bayes classifier (K-PNB).
Results: The hybrid model gave a classification accuracy of 94%, a sensitivity of 99%, a specificity of 90% and a low error rate of 0.05%.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the proposed hybrid model (the K-PNB) outperformed the other models, which detect and diagnose liver disease in the early stages in very little time.

How to cite this article:
Divya, Singh V, Dohare R, Kumar M. An Efficient Hybrid Data Mining Model for Prognostication of an Imbalanced Data Set of Liver Disorder: A K-Prototype Naïve Bayes Approach. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):21-33.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202456

Assessment of Medication Errors in a Healthcare Setting: A Prescription Audit Study

Rushiraj Rakholiya — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Prescription auditing is crucial for evaluating healthcare quality and optimizing medication usage. Medication errors can occur during prescribing, dispensing, and administration, impacting patient safety. This study aims to assess medication errors across these stages, focusing on prescribing practices using WHO core prescribing indicators.
Method: A total of 350 prescriptions were audited to identify errors in prescribing, dispensing, and administration. Prescribing errors were assessed using WHO’s core indicators, while dispensing and administration errors were identified through a review of the prescription process. Errors were categorized into dosage inaccuracies, abbreviation misuse, and documentation lapses for prescribing, and drug dispersion and labelling issues for dispensing.
Results: The audit identified 151 prescribing errors, 9 dispensing errors, and 24 administration errors. Major prescribing errors included dosage inaccuracies, abbreviation misuse, and documentation lapses. Dispensing errors were fewer, focusing on incorrect drug dispersion and labelling. Administration errors involved dose omissions and documentation issues.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of implementing robust quality assurance measures to reduce medication errors at all stages of the medication use process. Enhanced healthcare provider training, particularly in prescribing practices, is essential to mitigate medication-related risks and improve patient safety. The results of this study highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and improvements in healthcare systems to minimize the occurrence of medication errors and enhance the overall quality of care.

How to cite this article:
Rakholiya R, Shaikh S, Chaniyara H, Bhalodiya P, Mavani V, Nayak S P S, Chakraborthy G S, Vagasiya J, Buddhadev M. Assessment of Medication Errors in a Healthcare Setting: A Prescription Audit Study. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):34-42.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202457

Design, Synthesis and In Silico Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives for Their Nootropic Activity

Suvarna A Katti — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Computational methods have become indispensable in modern medicinal chemistry research, enabling the rapid screening and evaluation of potential drug candidates. This study leverages in silico approaches to investigate the neuroprotective potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. By employing software such as PASS online, SwissADME, ProTox-III, and Autodock Vina, we aimed to predict the biological activity, pharmacological properties, and toxicity profiles of these compounds.
Method: We utilised a combination of in silico techniques, including PASS online for predicting biological activity, SwissADME for assessing pharmacokinetic properties, ProTox-III for evaluating toxicity, and Autodock Vina for molecular docking studies. The predicted properties of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were then compared with those of donepezil, a well-established neuroprotective drug. Furthermore, compounds exhibiting significant predicted activity were synthesised and subsequently characterised using analytical techniques such as TLC, FTIR, and NMR.
Results: The results from the PASS online analysis revealed that compound NR1 exhibited the highest predicted activity score (0.636) compared to donepezil (0.553). The predicted activity order was determined as NR1>NR7>NR2>NR3>NR5>NR6>NR4. Molecular docking studies further supported these findings, indicating that 2,5 diaryl 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with polar group substitutions at specific positions (3, 4, and 5; 3, 5; or 2, 5) displayed favorable docking scores.
Conclusion: The in silico analyses conducted in this study suggest that 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives possess promising neuroprotective potential, comparable to the standard drug donepezil. These findings provide a valuable foundation for further experimental investigations and optimization of these compounds as potential therapeutic candidates for neurodegenerative disorders.

How to cite this article:
Katti S A, Revar N, Sonawane S, Pawar S H, Patil R A, Bhosale A P. Design, Synthesis and In Silico Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives for Their Nootropic Activity. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):43-54.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202458

Effectiveness of Interventional Package on Anger Management among Alcohol Dependents

Mahalakshmi Ezhumalai — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Anger, a fundamental human emotional response, is closely linked with alcohol consumption and its adverse effects. Men who consume alcohol are particularly susceptible to experiencing and expressing anger.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of anger management interventions among individuals with alcohol dependency.
Method and Material: Sixty alcohol-dependent individuals meeting inclusion criteria were selected through convenience sampling. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured interview schedule. Anger levels were assessed using the Clinical Anger Scale before and after a two-week intervention comprising breathing exercises, anger management techniques, and mindful meditation. The data were analysed using MS Excel and SPSS software version 21.0.
Results: Following the intervention, a significant reduction in anger levels was observed among the participants, indicating improvement in their ability to manage anger.
Conclusion: The anger management intervention demonstrated effectiveness in reducing anger levels among alcohol-dependent individuals. Integrating such interventions into de-addiction treatment protocols can aid in managing anger, thereby potentially preventing relapses, and enhancing overall health outcomes.

How to cite this article:
Mahalakshmi E, Ramesh S. Effectiveness of Interventional Package on Anger Management among Alcohol Dependents. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):55-62.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202459

Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Bent Leg Raise (BLR) and Gate Technique among Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain – A Randomised Controlled Trial

Abinaya S — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Despite a great deal of research, the reasons for low back pain remain unknown, and the results of treatment are not adequate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether Mulligan’s Bent Leg Raise and Gate approach was beneficial for non-specific low back pain. This study is intriguing in that the technique utilised in previous studies was primarily focused on improving the hamstring flexibility of patients with lower back pain; in contrast, the focus here was on improving the patient’s pain and range of motion.
Method: Eighty samples in total were collected and split into two groups: A = 40 and B = 40. For four weeks, Group A received Mulligan’s Bent Leg Raise technique, while Group B received the Gate technique with the participants ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. Five days a week for four weeks, the pre- and post-test results for the modified - modified Schober Test and Visual Analogue Scale were recorded.
Results: Following therapy, both variables (pain and ROM) significantly (i.e., p < 0.05) improved in both group outcome parameters, according to a group analysis using a paired t test.
Conclusion: Although post-treatment between group studies using an unpaired t test revealed that there was no statistically significant distinction between the groups that were administered the Gate or Bent Leg Raise approach, it concluded that both techniques are equally effective.

How to cite this article:
Abinaya S, Dhivyadharshini V, Muralisankar K S I, Thilagavathi S. Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Bent Leg Raise (BLR) and Gate Technique among Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain – A Randomised Controlled Trial. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):63-68.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202460

Efficacy of 4 Weeks of Otago Exercise Programme in Improving Balance and Reducing Fall Risk in Persons with Diabetic Neuropathy

Arimbit Sangma — 2024-12-31

Background: Numbness, tingling, pain and weakness are common in Diabetic Neuropathy patients and these symptoms often start in their feet before spreading proximally in a length-dependent manner. This results in a decrease in balance which leads to increased risk of fall and reduced quality of life. Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) is an individually tailored, home-based, balance and strength fall prevention programme that helps to improve balance in the elderly population. This study was conducted to determine if four weeks of OEP had any impact on balance and falls in diabetic neuropathy patients.
Materials and Method: A total of 32 participants aged between 40 and 70 years with diabetic neuropathy were randomly recruited from various hospitals of Kamrup Metro, Assam. OEP, which consists of 17 strength and balance exercises, was done for 4 weeks and the outcome measures were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed up and go test (TUG) and Falls Efficacy Scale (FES).
Results: Wilcoxon paired test was used to find any significant differences between pre- and post-intervention values of BBS, TUG and FES (p value < 0.001). The effect sizes (ranging from 0.86 to 0.89) indicated large effects for all three scales, suggesting substantial improvements in balance, efficacy, and mobility post-intervention.
Conclusion: OEP was found to be effective in improving balance in diabetic neuropathy, thus reducing the risk of falls in these patients.

How to cite this article:
Sangma A, Lakhotia S. Efficacy of 4 Weeks of Otago Exercise Programme in Improving Balance and Reducing Fall Risk in Persons with Diabetic Neuropathy. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):69-74.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202461

Employment Skills of Public Health Students and Graduates in a Public University: A Study from South India

Rajeev Jayalakshmi — 2024-12-31

Background: Public Health has a demanding job market and the number of institutions offering Master of Public Health programmes (MPH) is on the rise. This paper investigates the perceived employability skills required for public health students and graduates to secure and sustain a job.
Method: A survey was conducted among 41 students and graduates of the MPH programme (12 beginners, 18 mid-termers, and 11 graduates) offered at a public university in South India. Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of employability skills was done using a tool adopted from the Generic Skills Questionnaire from Tuning Educational Structure. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test, and Spearman Rank correlation test) were used to test the hypotheses on the association of achievement of employability skills with various predictors.
Results: The median of overall importance and achievement of skills was three each. The most important employability skills were ‘decision-making’ and ‘planning and time management’. The least important ones were the ‘ability to work autonomously’ and the ‘innovative and entrepreneurial spirit’. The level of achievement was high for the skills, namely ‘will to succeed’ and ‘concern for quality’. It was low for skills – ‘capacity for analysis and synthesis’, and ‘initiative and entrepreneurial spirit’. Job experiences/ internship opportunities were found negatively correlated with the achievement of employability skills, reflecting the limitation of the MPH curriculum (p value: 0.030). Graduates had higher levels of achievement compared to beginners and mid-termers, indicating the contribution of the MPH curriculum in skill development.
Conclusion: It is important to design the MPH curriculum to ensure students’ achievement of essential employability skills to enhance their job prospects upon graduation.

How to cite this article:
Jayalakshmi R, Kadali P B, Amaladevi CS, Sibasis H. Employment Skills of Public Health Students and Graduates in a Public University: A Study from South India. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):75-84.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202462

Evaluating Drug-Related Complications in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study

Sriram K — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Arthroplasty, often performed for degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis, significantly improves patient quality of life by alleviating pain and restoring mobility. This study focuses on drug-related complications in elective total joint arthroplasties, an area of concern as these complications can lead to adverse outcomes and prolonged hospital stays.
Methods: The study included 100 patients who suffered elective total hip or knee joint arthroplasty for six months. The demographic details, co-morbid conditions, type of arthroplasty procedure, and DRPs were collected from the patient’s medical records. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The study found that 53% of the patients who suffered elective total joint arthroplasty were male, while 47% were female. The majority of patients (43%) were in the age group of 61-70 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbid condition (48%), followed by hypertension (20%). Total hip replacement surgery was the most common procedure (71%), while total knee replacement surgery was performed in only 29% of the cases. The study found that 90.6% of DRPs were related to postoperative medications, while only 0.5% were related to home medications. The DRPs included inappropriate dose or strength (24.5%), inappropriate frequency (75%), omission of medication (57.5%), contraindication (1.1%), incorrect drug (0.5%), and other potential indications (8.7%).
Conclusion: The study’s findings can help develop strategies to improve the quality of care provided to these patients. The study recommends the involvement of pharmacists within the preadmission and prehabilitation clinics to reduce the incidence of DRPs.

How to cite this article:
Sriram K, Saravanakumar A, Sankar V, Senniappan P, Manivasakam P, Anandharaj G. Evaluating Drug-Related Complications in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):85-90.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202463

Evaluating the Impact of Modified Play Activities versus Conventional Respiratory Exercises on Pulmonary Function in Female Children with Cerebral Palsy

B S Santhosh Kanna — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Respiratory diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Method: Forty female children with CP participated in this study, selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n = 14), which received Conventional Respiratory exercise; Group B (n = 13), which received Modified Play Activities; and Group C (n = 13), which received conventional physiotherapy. Pulmonary function tests were conducted before and after the training to assess the effects of the interventions.
Result: The intra-group analysis showed that all three groups were effective in terms of improvement in the pulmonary function measured using the pulmonary function test (p < 0.05). Comparison of all the three groups by ANOVA test showed (FVC: f = 2.212, FEV1: f = 0.493, FEV1/FVC: f = 0.013, PEF: f = 0.127, p > 0.05) insignificant effect insignificant effect in pulmonary function in the pulmonary function measured using pulmonary function tests.
Conclusion: This study showed that both methods were effective in improving pulmonary function. However, modified play activities were more feasible and engaging for female children with CP when compared to conventional respiratory exercise.

How to cite this article:
Kanna B S S, Arulmozhe A, Rajesh S. Evaluating the Impact of Modified Play Activities versus Conventional Respiratory Exercises on Pulmonary Function in Female Children with Cerebral Palsy. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):91-95.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202464

Exploring the Link Between Neuropathy and Foot Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

R Naganandini — 2024-12-31

Introduction: This study examines middle-aged individuals (mean age 56.4 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), focusing on demographic factors and their links to complications. Chronic hyperglycemia and genetic predisposition significantly contribute to disease progression.
Aim: The study aims to assess baseline characteristics, evaluate neuropathy severity using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), investigate autonomic dysfunction, and explore correlations between these factors.
Method: A cohort of 300 participants was evaluated for demographic and clinical variables, including MNSI scores, Wagner ulcer classification, and autonomic function tests such as heart rate variability (HRV), Valsalva ratio, postural hypotension, heart rate response to deep breathing, and sympathetic skin response. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze variable relationships.
Results: Participants exhibited moderate neuropathy (mean MNSI score: 7.2) and predominantly Grade 2 or 3 ulcers (60%). Autonomic tests revealed reduced HRV (30.2), impaired Valsalva ratio (1.21), diminished parasympathetic activity (heart rate response: 14.5), and widespread sympathetic dysfunction (95%). Significant correlations included: advanced age with higher MNSI scores (p < 0.05), prolonged diabetes duration with higher Wagner grades (p < 0.05), and reduced HRV and parasympathetic activity with higher MNSI scores (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: The interplay between demographic factors, clinical variables, and autonomic dysfunction influences neuropathy and DFU severity in T2DM. Targeted interventions are essential for managing complications and improving diabetic foot care.

How to cite this article:
Naganandini R. Exploring the Link Between Neuropathy and Foot Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):96-102.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202465

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Prevention of Nosocomial Infection among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospital

Dilip KC — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Nosocomial infections, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are “infections acquired by a patient in a hospital who was admitted for a reason other than that infection.” A WHO survey reported that on average, 8.7% of hospital patients were affected by nosocomial infections. To prevent the transmission of infections, Standard precautions prevent infections spread through blood, fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections among nurses at Tertiray care Hospital Belgavi, Karnataka.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital & MRC, Belagavi from October 2022 to February 2023. Nurses were recruited for the study. Participants were excluded if consent was not given.
Results: A total of 144 nurses participated in the study. The majority of nurses (77, 53.5%) had a good level of knowledge, 58.3% displayed a positive attitude, and 75 (52.1%) demonstrated good practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were significantly associated with the nurses’ age, work experience, and educational level (p < 0.000). However, no significant association was found between knowledge, attitude, and practices with respect to religion and gender (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the study concluded that the majority of nurses possess good knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections. Trained healthcare professionals must consistently apply their knowledge to prevent nosocomial infections.

How to cite this article:
Dilip K C, Salimath G B, Narasannavar A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Prevention of Nosocomial Infection among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospital. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):103-112.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202466

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) of ASHA Workers in Tuberculosis Management: A Cross-Sectional Study at Primary Health Centres

Bandaru Yeswanth Raja — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers work as Directly Observed Therapy Short course (DOTS) providers in rural and tribal areas.
Method: A cross-sectional epidemiological community-based study was conducted in various Primary Healthcare Centres (PHC) in the Belagavi district of North Karnataka, India over a period of 10 months. The ASHAs were interviewed with a structured KAP questionnaire and the collected data was analysed in SPSS version 23.0.
Results: A total of 150 ASHA workers were interviewed. The majority of the ASHA workers were between the age of 31 and 35 years (43.33%) and 38.37% had working experience of more than 6 years. Most of the ASHA workers had poor knowledge (mean score: 14.61 ± 3.10) and attitude (mean score: 15.29 ± 3.09), but good perception (mean score: 11.14 ± 1.96) based on the working experience (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The involvement of ASHAs themselves in disease control programmes was lacking. Therefore, educating and encouraging ASHA workers through training programs will enhance the tuberculosis (TB) treatment strategies among TB patients.

How to cite this article:
Raja B Y, Ganachari M S, Manoli A D. Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) of ASHA Workers in Tuberculosis Management: A Cross-Sectional Study at Primary Health Centres. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):113-120.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202467

Novel Stem Cell Markers of Prime Prognostic Importance in Carcinoma Breast

Thamilselvi Ramachandran — 2024-12-31

Introduction: The burden of breast cancer across the globe is rising and is anticipated to cross almost 2 million by 2030. Tumour markers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu along with cancer stem cells expression of CD24 and CD44 are crucial in predicting therapy resistance and prognosis.
Aim: This study was conducted to examine the expression of CD44/ CD24 and to compare and correlate the expression of ER, PR and HER2/neu with the expression of CD44/ 24, applied immunohistochemical markers on sectioned wax-embedded blocks of proven cases of carcinoma of the breast.
Materials and Method: The study spanned a duration of 3 years in a tertiary care centre and all histologically confirmed radical mastectomy cases were included. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, HER2/neu, CD44 and CD24 was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections.
Results: Seventy participants were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases involved females, averaging an age of 56.2 years. Histologically majority of participants were of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Most cases were of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) type (40%) followed by Luminal A type (30.9%). Among Infiltrating Ductal carcinoma, 27 were of CD44+/ CD24+ type and 17 were of CD44-/ CD24+ type.
Conclusion: Our study results indicate a correlation between the CD44+/ CD24- phenotype and molecular subtypes, with the highest expression noted in the HER2 subtype. We hereby emphasise that early detection and better management of these cases through a multimodality approach of markers could help in improved survival.

How to cite this article:
Ramachandran T, Kulandhaivel A L, Rani N L, Venkatesan D, Muddegowda P H. Novel Stem Cell Markers of Prime Prognostic Importance in Carcinoma Breast. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):121-127.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202468

A Comprehensive Review: Advances in Studying and Healing Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Harshil Gadhiya — 2024-12-31

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an uncommon, malignant, multilocular vascular disorder with a predominance of the skin and mucous membranes, lymphatic system, and internal organs such as the gastrointestinal system, lungs, or liver. There are five major epidemiologic subtypes of KS, each of which has its own clinical course, prognosis, and tendency to occur more frequently in a certain population: There are five distinct KS types: There are five different types of KS: classical, iatrogenic, immunosuppressive, endemic (African) lymphadenopathic, epidemic, Aids-related, connected to immune reconstitute inflammatory syndromes (IRIS), and KS in men who have sex with men (MSM) but aren’t HIV positive. This interdisciplinary guideline condenses the most recent recommendations for diagnosing and treating the various kinds of KS.

How to cite this article:
Gadhiya H, Radhanpura Y, Sanja S, Kalaria K. A Comprehensive Review: Advances in Studying and Healing Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):128-134.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202469

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Paediatric Acute Diarrhoea: A Clinical Perspective and Systematic Review of Clinical Studies Published in the Last Decade

Dharmeshkumar B Kheni — 2024-12-31

Gut dysbiosis is one of the risk factors to cause acute diarrhoea in children. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) is one of the most studied probiotic strains and its efficacy in acute diarrhoea is validated in various clinical studies. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L. rhamnosus GG in paediatric acute diarrhoea by using the clinical studies published in the last decade (till September 2023). Articles were retrieved from five online databases and screened as per the pre-designed protocol. The quality of the studies that qualified was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The studies were critically reviewed for the efficacy of L. rhamnosus GG in various parameters related to paediatric acute diarrhoea conditions. After screening 1758 articles for eligibility, six studies were considered in the current study. Every study that was included was of a moderate-to-good quality. L. rhamnosus GG supplementation in combination with standard therapy shows better improvement in diarrhoea duration, stool consistency, stool frequency, and duration of hospital stay as compared to standard therapy alone supplementation. The study’s findings are consistent with the results of previous studies and suggest that the supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is an effective adjunct therapy in paediatric acute diarrhoea conditions.

How to cite this article:
Kheni D B, Sureja V P, Deshpande S S, Dubey V P, Kansagra J J. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Paediatric Acute Diarrhoea: A Clinical Perspective and Systematic Review of Clinical Studies Published in the Last Decade. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):135-145.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202470

Fabrication of Gasket Retained Cu-Sil Like Partial Denture Using 3D Printed Technology in the Rehabilitation of Patient with Single Remaining Natural Teeth – A Case Report

Surya Rengaswamy — 2024-12-31

This case report describes a novel technique of fabrication of gasket retained Cu-sil partial denture for a patient with a single tooth remaining in the maxillary arch. A gasket ring of Cu-sil was fabricated using 3D printing technology with polyurethane material using the fused deposition modelling technique. The denture was processed with the 3D printed gasket ring in the conventional manner using heat cure acrylic resin. This technique helped in providing accurate fit and retention for the prosthesis while retaining the natural teeth.

How to cite this article:
Rengasamy S, Nandini V V, Boruah S. Fabrication of Gasket Retained Cu-Sil Like Partial Denture Using 3D Printed Technology in the Rehabilitation of Patient with Single Remaining Natural Teeth – A Case Report. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):146-149.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202471

Pain - A Blessing or Curse?: A Psychological Perspective

Hari Babu L — 2024-12-31

Pain is an intrinsic part of human experience, a universal sensation which serves both as a warning signal and a catalyst for growth. It is an intricate and multifaceted phenomenon that manifests in various forms- physical, emotional, and psychological.
While pain is often associated with negativity and suffering, it is essential to explore its duality and consider whether it can be seen as both a blessing and a curse.
Pain serves as a crucial signalling mechanism designed to protect and preserve our well-being. Physical pain alerts us to potential injuries or illnesses, prompting us to take necessary actions to prevent further harm. Similarly, emotional pain such as heartbreaking or grief signals the need for healing and introspection. By understanding pain, we acknowledge its purpose and the valuable information it provides about our bodies and minds.
This article delves into the paradoxical nature of pain, examining its potential for personal growth, resilience and self-awareness while acknowledging its capacity to inflict suffering and impede progress.

How to cite this article:
Babu L H, Nainar A M, Thiyagarajan A, Ramesh C, Gayathri K C, Vardhini C I. Pain - A Blessing or Curse?: A Psychological Perspective. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(4):150-152.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202472