The interrelation of Vitamin D deficiency and Thyroid dysfunction among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients – A REVIEW

Vijayasamundeeswari; Rajeswari Ranga Anantha Sayanam

Vijayasamundeeswari Professor, Vinayaka Missions Medical College and Hospitals, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Rajeswari Ranga Anantha Sayanam Associate Professor, School of Allied Health Sciences, VMKVMCH Campus, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

Keywords: Thyroid Dysfunction, Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin D, Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract

The review highlights the significant interplay between thyroid dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, and diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here are the key points discussed: Prevalence of Conditions: There is a documented increase in the prevalence of thyroid disorders and vitamin D deficiencies among patients with diabetes mellitus. This suggests a common underlying pathology that warrants further investigation.
Impact on Metabolic Control: Untreated thyroid dysfunction and low vitamin D levels (hypovitaminosis D) can impair metabolic control in diabetic patients. This impairment can lead to higher risks of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for integrated management strategies. Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance is a critical link between thyroid dysfunction and diabetes. The review suggests that both conditions can exacerbate each other, complicating the overall metabolic health of affected individuals. Need for Systematic Testing: Given the clinical implications of the co occurrence of T2DM and thyroid dysfunction, the review advocates for a more intrinsic approach to thyroid testing in diabetic patients. Consistent monitoring of glycemic control alongside thyroid function and vitamin D status is recommended. Call for Further Research: The review concludes with a call for more research to better understand the relationships between vitamin
D, thyroid dysfunction, and diabetes. This could lead to improved management strategies for patients suffering from these interconnected conditions.

How to cite this article:
Vijayasamundeeswari, Sayanam R R A. The
interrelation of vitamin D deficiency and thyroid
dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus
patients-A REVIEW. Chettinad Health City Med
J. 2025;14(4):48-53.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202548

Author Biography

Rajeswari Ranga Anantha Sayanam, Associate Professor, School of Allied Health Sciences, VMKVMCH Campus, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

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