Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Assesment of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Adiantum Capillus Veneris

Abstract

The research explored the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous extracts derived from Adiantum capillus veneris. The anti-inflammatory potential of hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts was assessed through three in vitro tests: Membrane stabilization assay, Suppression of Albumin protein denaturation, and proteinase inhibitory activities. The findings revealed that the suppression of hemolysis by Adiantum capillus veneris Butanol extract was notably higher at 89.19% compared to the ethylacetate extract, which exhibited 83.14% inhibition at a concentration of 500µg/ml. Meanwhile, the hexane extract demonstrated inhibition rates ranging from 41.24% to 79.60% across concentrations of 100-500µg/ml, and the Aqueous extract showed a percentage inhibition ranging from 37.43% to 63.59% (p <0.01). The percentage reduction in protein denaturation by the hexane extract varies between 11.198% and 59.46% within the concentration span of 100-500µg/ml. Conversely, the aqueous extract demonstrates inhibition rates ranging from 9.74% to 56.98%. Notably, the butanol extract showcases notably elevated inhibition at 88.49%, while the ethylacetate extract displays comparatively lower inhibition levels at 82.05% (p<0.05). The proteinase inhibitory function of the Butanol extract exhibited notably superior inhibition of proteinase compared to other extracts, registering a substantial inhibition rate of 80.75% at density of 500µg/ml (p<0.01). Three experiments were conducted to assess the antioxidant capabilities of hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts in vitro.  DPPH assay, Hydrogen peroxide assay, Hydroxyl scavenging. In the DPPH assay, the capability of the Hexane and Aqueous extracts to eliminate free radicals was 62.68% and 78.90% correspondingly when administered at a dosage of 300µg/ml. Similarly, at this concentration, the scavenging efficacy of Butanol extract showed 84.07% whereas ethylacetate extract showed comparatively less scavenging activity 81.6%. In Hydroxyl scavenging assay, the Hexane and aqueous-based extracts exhibited a 56.81% and 59.46% removal impact at a dosage of 300µg/ml on hydroxyl radicals correspondingly. The Butanol extract showed a higher scavenging effect of 81.13% whereas Ethylacetate extract showed 66.23% on hydroxyl radicals. In the evaluation of hydrogen peroxide levels, it was discovered that the extracts are less effective at removing H2O2 compared to the established benchmark, ascorbic acid. Phytochemical examination uncovered the existence of significant substances like alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, and Phenols. The results of this research indicate that the butanol extracts derived from the plant could function as potential anti-inflammatory remedies.