Effectiveness of Hoffman’s Exercise on Breastfeeding Among Postnatal Mothers with Flat or Inverted Nipple in Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry
Abstract
Background: The ideal balanced diet for infants up to six months of age is breast milk. Breastfeeding depends upon the babys attachment with correct positioning to the mothers breast, whereas the most common abnormalities of the nipple such as a flat and inverted nipple might be a barrier to breastfeeding. Hoffmans exercise is a method for handling these issues.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Hoffmans exercise on breastfeeding among postnatal mothers with flat or inverted nipples.
Materials and Methods: Pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was adopted for this study. Fifty-six postnatal mothers with flat or inverted nipples admitted to a postnatal ward were selected by purposive sampling technique. Informed consent was obtained from the mothers. The socio-demographic data was collected by interview method and the Bristol breastfeeding assessment tool was used to assess the level of breastfeeding. Hoffmans exercise was performed on the mothers from 03 postnatal days. The data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result: The results showed that the pre-test and post-test mean and standard deviation values were 1.73 1.104 and 6.39 1.534 respectively. The obtained paired t test value was -35.02 and p < 0.001, which was highly statistically significant at p value < 0.001. It was inferred that Hoffmans exercise was effective for breastfeeding among postnatal mothers with flat or inverted nipples.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Hoffmans exercise could be provided to postnatal mothers with flat or inverted nipples for effective breastfeeding of their newborns.
How to cite this article:
Preethi B, Annal M A, Lavanya S, Poongodi V, Umamaheswari R. Effectiveness of Hoffmans Exercise on Breastfeeding Among Postnatal Mothers with Flat or Inverted Nipple in Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry. Chettinad Health City Med J. 2024;13(1):56-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202410
References
Ladewig PW, London ML, Olds SW. Essentials of maternal-newborn nursing. 3rd ed. Addison-Wesley Nursing; 2006. p. 255-60.
Motee A, Jeewon R. Importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding among infants. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2014 Aug 28;2(2):56-72. [Google Scholar]
Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):827-41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Jacob A. A comprehensive textbook of midwifery. 2nd ed. Bangalore: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd; 2008. 243 p.
Giugliani ER. [Common problems during lactation and their management]. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004;80(5 Suppl):S147-54. Portugese. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Cosmetic Choice [Internet]. Hoffman technique - cosmetic surgery; 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.cosmeticchoice.com.au.Hoffmantechnique
Nabulsi M, Ghanem R, Smaili H, Khalil A. The inverted syringe technique for management of inverted nipples in breastfeeding women: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Int Breastfeed J. 2022;17(1):9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Rao DN, Winters R. Inverted nipple [Internet]. Statpearl Publishing; 2023 [cited 2023 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563190 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
