Ajaymeru Journal of Medical Education & Research

Clinical and Diagnostic findings of Pleural Involvement in Patients having Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection from Western part of India

Ramakant Dixit — 2024-05-28

ABSTRACT

Background: Pleural effusions are not uncommon in patients with HIV infection, however; there is paucity of data on type and description of pleural involvement in HIV infected patients from countries like India where the disease is highly rampant. Objectives/aims: Present study describes the clinical, radiological, pathological and bacteriological profile of pleural involvement in HIV infected patients.
Methods: Patients with HIV infection having pleural effusion and/or pneumothorax were subjected to detailed clinical evaluation followed by in depth diagnostic workup including radiological assessment, sputum examination, pleurocentesis, pleural fluid biochemistry, cytology, smear and/or culture for bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, pleural biopsy, tuberculin skin testing etc.

Results: Pleural involvement occurred in 34 out of 150 (22.6%) patients with HIV infection. Pleural effusion was seen in 32 (94.1%) cases and pneumothorax in two cases. All pleural effusions were exudates in nature. In 20(58.8%) cases, underlying pulmonary parenchymal disease was evident. Pleural involvement was more common on left side (47%). Tuberculosis was the underlying cause of pleural involvement in 28(82.3%) cases. Four (11.7%) cases had empyema thoracis.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of pleural effusion in patients having HIV infection followed by bacterial pneumonia from this part of country.

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

Kanwar Singh — 2024-05-28

Abstract
The Objective Structured Clinical Examination is a evaluative tool that can be utilized to assess health care professionals in a clinical setting. It assesses competency, based on objective testing through direct observation. It is precise, objective, and reproducible allowing uniform testing of students for a wide range of clinical skills. Unlike the traditional clinical exam, the OSCE could evaluate areas most critical to performance of health care professionals such as communication skills and ability to handle unpredictable patient behavior.

Save the Girl Child-Clarion Call of the Hour

Renu Bedi — 2024-05-28

Introduction
It is a sad paradox that when we, on one hand, venerate our country as Bharat Mata and worship Durga, on the
other hand, carry out reprehensible practices like female foeticide and bride- burning. Moreover, ironically, there are festivals like Rakhi and Bhai Duj, when men vow to protect their sisters, yet these same brothers murder their sisters without compunction for a misdirected sense of family honour. Further, despite taking an oath in front of the fire, edacious and lazy husbands burn their wives for bringing insufficient dowry, whereas wives pray and fast for their husbands' long life and wellbeing during Karva Chauth. Added to this misogynistic socio-cultural mind-set is the shameful connivance of venal doctors who violate the very basis of the Hippocratic Oath through selective prenatal sex determination and then cold-bloodedly murder the innocent little female foetus. The girl child is increasingly being excluded from life itself!

Pneumoperitoneum : Isital ways presentin Perforation of a Hollow Viscus?

Garima Arora — 2024-05-28

ABSTRACT:

Presenceofairunderdiaphragmisconsideredtobethestandardfordiagnosisofperforation.Wepresentacaseofposttraumatic ileal perforation in a 12 year old male child who did not show any classical signs of pneumoperitoneum on repeated X-rays. Relevantliteratureisbrieflyreviewed

Isoniazid induced Gynaecomastia

Ramakant Dixit — 2024-05-28

Abstract:
Gynaecomastia is very uncommon due to anti tuberculosis drugs. We describe this event in a 48-year-old male patient who received antituberculosis chemotherapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethanmbutol and pyrazinamide for right sided pleural effusion. After three months of treatment, he developed painful bilateral gynaecomastia. Gynaecomastia disappeared completely after stopping the isoniazid. Various mechanisms leading to gynaecomastia are also briefly discussed.

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR) - Scimitar Syndrome

Reena Mathur — 2024-05-28

ABSTRACT:

Scimitarsyndromeisararecongenitalanomaly.Thissyndromeischaracterizedbypartialorcompleteanomalouspulmonary venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior vena cava. There is a characteristic abnormal radiographic shadow which descends along the right cardiac border (scimitar sign).

Ayurveda

Sanjiv Maheshwari — 2024-05-28

Ayurveda (the science of life) is the oldest medical science in human civilization. It is said to be more than five thousand years old. Since print was not available at
that time so it was taught for thousands years by accomplished masters in oral form ('veda' = 'shruti' = heard) to their disciples. Because of this most of it is
inaccessible and only very small part is available in print now.