Haematological Abnormalities in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction:
Decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) represents an advanced stage of hepatic dysfunction, often accompanied by significant hematological abnormalities. These include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation disorders, which not only reflect disease severity but also influence the risk of complications such as gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and clinical significance of hematological abnormalities in DCLD patients.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine. Fifty adult patients diagnosed with DCLD were enrolled based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations including complete blood count, peripheral smear, liver function tests, serum iron profile, serum folate, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR) were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Among 50 DCLD patients, 42 (84%) were males. Alcoholic cirrhosis (66%) was the most common etiology. Anemia was observed in 94% of patients, with normocytic morphology being the most frequent (57.4%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 72% of cases, and prolonged PT and elevated INR were noted in 68% and 74% of patients, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between thrombocytopenia and GI bleeding (p = 0.047), and also between GI bleeding and elevated PT (p = 0.009) and INR (p = 0.012).

Conclusion:
Hematological abnormalities are highly prevalent in DCLD and show a strong association with bleeding complications. Early identification and appropriate management of these derangements are crucial to improving patient outcomes.