Vitamin D Deficiency and its Association with Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

  • Satish Kumar Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-4281
  • Virendra Atam Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
  • Satyendra Kumar Professor, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
  • Ved Prakash Professor and Head, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. DOI: https://doi.
  • Amit Kumar Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
  • Ajay Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
  • Mohammad Kaifee Senior Resident, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
  • KK Sawlani Professor, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1C, Vitamin D, Nephropathy, Albumin: Creatinine Ratio, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is linked to insulin activity and its release. It is associated with uncontrolled diabetes and more complications in diabetic patients. So, this study will prove importance of investigating serum VD level in Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients and its relation to complication of diabetic nephropathy.

Materials and Methods: Total 1025 patients with Type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. Age limit was from 40 to 76 year. Investigations for serum VD, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and urinary Albumin: Creatinine Ratio (ACR) were done in each patient.

Result: It was found that most of the patient (77.89%) were having VD<29.88 ng/m along with significantly higher ACR and hs-CRP levels in these patients (P=0.012 and P=0.007, respectively). VD was observed significantly lesser in females than males P < 0.001. Those patients who were exposed to sunrays had significantly more VD values and lesser hs-CRP values in comparison to less-exposed ones, P-value (0.001 and <0.001), respectively. Physical activity significantly raises VD and decreases ACR levels in diabetic patients, P-value (0.045 and 0.001), respectively. Except age (r=0.356 P=0.041) all other factors like BMI (r=−0.503 P=0.008), duration of disease (r=−0.489 P=0.004), ACR (r=−0.295 P=0.016) and HbA1c (r=−0.330 P=0.031) were negatively correlated with VD.

Conclusion: This study concluded that Type 2 diabetes with VD deficiency are prone for the development of nephropathy.

Author Biographies

Virendra Atam, Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Professor and Head Department of medicine

King George Medical University, Lucknow 

Satyendra Kumar, Professor, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Professor, Department of Medicine,

King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

Ved Prakash, Professor and Head, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. DOI: https://doi.

Professor and Head, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,

King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

Amit Kumar, Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Senior resident, Department of Medicine,

King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

Ajay Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Medicine,

King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

Mohammad Kaifee, Senior Resident, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Senior resident, Department of Medicine,

King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

KK Sawlani, Professor, Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Professor, Department of Medicine,

King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

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Published
2020-01-09
Issue
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2019): Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine
Section
Research Article