Is the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Ingenuous?

  • Sajal Bhattacharya Professor (Associate), Department of Zoology, Asutosh College (University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
  • Rina Tilak Scientist ‘G’, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
  • Chandrima Bose Research Student, Department of Zoology, Asutosh College (University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
  • Shakya Sinha Research Student, Department of Zoology, Asutosh College (University of Calcutta), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Zoonotic Diseases, COVID-19 Pandemic, Bats

Abstract

The inability to identify the source of origin of SARS-CoV-2 even after more than twenty months of its emergence is intriguing and challenges the scientists and the public health personnel alike. Apprehension has been raised in certain quarters that some sort of human interference has taken place in the already dynamic gene pool of coronaviruses, which is a matter of concern. The need to have a scientific audit is paramount to unearth the real narrative about its origin as the precipitous assumption based on reports of human case incidences of infectious respiratory viral diseases having pandemic potential from a specific region is scientifically premature and it does not conclusively confirm the region to be the place of origin of the viral pathogen. Delineation of the source of origin of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for formulating strategies for the prevention of future outbreaks of viral zoonotic diseases if any, development of effective candidate vaccines, and designing target specific drugs. Further, this will put to rest the controversy about the origin and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and create an ambience for cooperative functioning among the global stakeholders. It is pertinent to have comprehensive scrutiny of the laboratories conducting experimental research on coronaviruses particularly bat and other suspected mammalian betacoronaviruses to avert such calamitous situations in future. Mitigation of the disastrous effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is a global responsibility and necessitates joint efforts from all stakeholders across the globe.

How to cite this article:
Bhattacharya S, Tilak R, Bose C, Sinha S. Is the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Ingenuous? J Commun Dis. 2021;53(3):232-235.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202162

References

Bhattacharya S, Sinha S, Tilak R, Mardihusodo SJ. The relationship between bats and human coronavirus: An

exploratory review. J Health Soc Sci. 2020;5(2):219-30. [Google Scholar]

Huang X, Zhang C, Pearce R, Omenn GS, Zhang Y. Identifying the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 by

modeling the binding affinity between the spike receptor-binding domain and host ACE2. J Proteome

Res. 2020 Dec;19(12):4844-56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Lau SKP, Luk HKH, Wong ACP, Li KSM, Zhu L, He Z, Fung J, Chan TTY, Fung KSC, Woo PCY. Possible bat origin

of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;26(7):1542-7. [PubMed]

[Google Scholar]

Malik YA. Properties of coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Malays J Pathol. 2020 Apr;42(1):3-11. [PubMed]

[Google Scholar]

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X,

Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features

of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb;395(10223):497-506.

[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Zhou H, Ji J, Chen X, Bi Y, Li J, Wang Q, Hu T, Song H, Zhao R, Chen Y, Cui M, Zhang Y, Hughes AC, Holmes

EC, Shi W. Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2

and related viruses. Cell. 2021 Aug;184(17):4380-91. e14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Balaram P. The murky origins of the coronavirus SARSCoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Curr Sci. 2021;120(11):1663-6. [Google Scholar]

World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the member state

information session on origins; 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/directorgeneral/

speeches/detail/who-director-general-sopening-remarks-at-the-member-state-informationsession-

on-origins.

Elrashdy F, Redwan EM, Uversky VN. Why COVID-19 transmission is more efficient and aggressive than

viral transmission in previous coronavirus epidemics? Biomolecules. 2020 Sep;10(9):1312. [PubMed] [Google

Scholar]

Tang X, Wu C, Li W, Song Y, Yao X, Wu X, Duan Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Qian Z, Cui J, Lu J. On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Natl Sci Rev. 2020;7(6):1012–3. [Google Scholar]

Liu K, Tan S, Niu S, Wang J, Wu L, Sun H, Zhang Y, Pan X, Qu X, Du P, Meng Y, Jia Y, Chen Q, Deng C, Yan J, Wang HW, Wang Q, Qi J, Gao GF. Cross-species recognition of SARS-CoV-2 to bat ACE2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021 Jan;118(1):e2020216118. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Segreto R, Deigin Y. The genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 does not rule out a laboratory origin: SARS-COV-2

chimeric structure and furin cleavage site might be the result of genetic manipulation. Bioessays. 2021

Mar;43(3):e2000240. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber HA, Pöhlmann S. A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARSCoV-

is essential for infection of human lung cells.Mol Cell. 2020 May;78:779-84.e5. [PubMed] [Google

Scholar]

Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P, El-Aziz TMA, Hassan SS, Soares A, Kandimalla R, Lundstrom K, Tambuwala M,

Aljabali AAA, Lal A, Azad GK, Choudhury PP, Uversky VN, Sherchan SP, Uhal BD, Rezaei N, Brufsky AM. Questions

concerning the proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1204-6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Wu Y, Zhao S. Furin cleavage sites naturally occur in coronaviruses. Stem Cell Res. 2020 Dec;50:102115.

[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Wang R, Chen J, Gao K, Hozumi Y, Yin C, Wei GW. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 mutations in the United

States suggests presence of four substrains and novel variants. Commun Biol. 2021 Feb;4(1):228. [PubMed]

[Google Scholar]

Chatterjee R, Bhattacharya S. Could novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) be the evolving face of a new generation

of genetically complex epidemiological challenge? Malays J Med Res. 2020;4(2):49-52. [Google Scholar]

World Health Organization [Internet]. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS); 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 4].

Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome#tab=tab_1.

Goffard A, Demanche C, Arthur L, Pinçon C, Michaux J, Dubuisson J. Alphacoronaviruses detected in French

bats are phylogeographically linked to coronaviruses of European bats. Viruses. 2015 Dec;7:6279–90. [PubMed]

[Google Scholar]

Smith CS, de Jong CE, Meers J, Henning J, Wang L, Field HE. Coronavirus infection and diversity in bats in the

Australasian region. Ecohealth. 2016 Mar;13(1):72-82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Published
2021-09-30