Innovative Insights and Multidimensional Strategies for Addressing Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Review

Priyanka  Malaiyappan; Shilpa  Prasad; Vettrivel  Arul; Keerthana  Babudevaraj; Janet Cynthia  Selvaraj

Priyanka Malaiyappan Manam Healthcare Hospital, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India
Shilpa Prasad Vinayaka Mission’s Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation DU, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Vettrivel Arul Vinayaka Mission’s Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation DU, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Keerthana Babudevaraj Excel Homoeopathy Medical College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu Dr M G R Medical University, Chennai, India
Janet Cynthia Selvaraj Sri Sairam Homoeopathy Medical College &Research Centre, Chennai Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr M G R Medical University, Chennai, India

Keywords: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Genital Microbiota, Non-Sexual Transmission Routes, Overlapping Symptoms

Abstract

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain a major global health concern, affecting millions of people and causing not only physical symptoms but also emotional and economic hardship. While significant progress has been made in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, STDs continue to spread due to challenges like antimicrobial resistance, overlooked non-sexual transmission routes, and gaps in our understanding of their broader context. This narrative review explores current research with a fresh, interdisciplinary lens bringing together insights from microbiology, new diagnostic technologies, and cultural perspectives. It highlights critical issues, including rising resistance in lesser-known pathogens, the role of the genital microbiome in infection
risk and recovery, and how environmental and societal factors shape disease patterns. The review also examines innovative solutions like point-of-care testing, targeted prevention strategies, and emerging ideas
such as microbiome-based therapies, climate-aware health policies, and personalisedtreatments guided by genomics. By integrating these diverse approaches and embracing global collaboration, we can move
toward more effective, inclusive, and forward-thinking strategies for tackling STDs and promoting better sexual health for all.

How to cite this article:
Malaiyappan P, Prasad S, Arul V, Babudevaraj
K, Selvaraj J C. Innovative Insights and
Multidimensional Strategies for Addressing
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Review. J
Commun Dis. 2025;57(2):212-227.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202557

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